Fig. 7.

Regulation of SUMOylation pathway. Protein SUMOylation is regulated by a recycling system that consists of conjugation and deconjugation pathways. SUMO conjugation to target substrates involves an enzymatic cascade that is comprised of three classes of enzymes (E1, E2, and E3). The sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs) are responsible for the deconjugation pathway as well as the maturation process of newly synthesized SUMO protein. The primary sub-cellular localization of each SENP is also listed [228]. Reprinted from Heo, Berk, and Abe [36].

Modified from Woo et al. with permission of the publisher [227]