| On Meals | Off Meals | P | |
| HEI Total (0–100) | 69.4 | 37.5 | <.0001 |
| HEI 1: TOTAL VEGETABLES (0–5) | 4.4 | 2.5 | <.0001 |
| HEI 2: GREENS AND BEANS (0–5) | 3.7 | 0.4 | <.0001 |
| HEI 3: TOTAL FRUIT (0–5) | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0.0003 |
| HEI 4: WHOLE FRUIT (0–5) | 3.7 | 1.3 | 0.0002 |
| HEI 5: WHOLEGRAIN (0–10) | 4.6 | 1.5 | 0.0007 |
| HEI 6: TOTAL DAIRY (0–10) | 5.5 | 4.6 | 0.27 |
| HEI 7: TOTAL PROTEIN (0–5) | 4.7 | 3.8 | 0.006 |
| HEI 8: SEAFOOD AND PLANT PROTEIN (0–5) | 3.4 | 1.4 | 0.0003 |
| HEI 9: LESS FATTY ACIDS (0–10) | 7.5 | 4.2 | 0.0003 |
| HEI 10: LESS SODIUM (0–10) | 1.7 | 2.9 | 0.14 |
| HEI 11: LESS REFINED GRAIN (0–10) | 8.8 | 6.1 | 0.001 |
| HEI 12: FEWER ‘EMPTY’ CALORIES (0–20) | 18.0 | 7.6 | <.0001 |
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