. 2017 Apr 14;17:273. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2209-0

Table 1.

Patient social and demographic characteristics

	Cases (n = 247)	Controls (n = 247)
Characteristic	%	%
Demographic information
Age, years mean (std. dev.)	55.28 (15.72)	56.09 (15.62)
Sex
Male	56.68	56.68
Female	43.32	43.32
Race
Black	88.26	76.52^a
White	7.69	18.22
Hispanic	2.02	4.86
Asian	0.81	0
Other	0.81	0.4
Not specified	0.4	0
Community-level median household income, dollars
0–27,651	33.74	21.72^a
27, 652–39,421	28.05	23.77
39, 422–48,093	19.11	23.77
48,094–139, 543	19.11	30.74
Insurance information
Insurance status
Uninsured	27.13	36.84^a
Insured	72.87	63.16
Payers
Medicaid	51.11	28.21^a
Medicare	34.44	20.51
Medicare and Medicaid	10	18.59
Private/Other	3.89	28.21
Social history
Alcohol use
Current use	43.72	37.65^a
History of use	52.63	42.11^a
Alcohol-related admission	38.89	33.33
Tobacco use
Current use	42.11	34.41^a
History of use	68.42	46.56^a
Substance use
Current use	28.34	9.72^a
History of use	36.44	12.55^a
Homeless	19.03	4.45^a
Employed
No	70.85	38.21^a
Yes	3.64	9.35
Incarceration
Currently incarcerated	6.48	3.24
History of incarceration	12.15	5.26^a

^asignificant at alpha = 0.05