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. 2017 Apr 14;9:38. doi: 10.1186/s13148-017-0335-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Volcano plots showing possible differentially methylated CpG sites identified in this study. a Differential methylation analysis revealed top 10 CpG sites and their genes significantly associated with smokers with P < 0.001. Difference in mean percent methylation represents the difference in mean methylation between smokers vs. non-smokers (control). b Differential methylation analysis revealed top 10 CpG sites and their genes significantly associated with COPD with P < 0.001. Difference in mean percent methylation represents the difference in mean methylation between COPD vs. non-smokers (control). c Differential methylation analysis revealed CpG sites and their genes significantly associated with COPD compared to smokers with P < 0.001. Difference in mean percent methylation represents the difference in mean methylation between COPD vs. smokers (control). The y axis represents the negative log P value of their association. The genes marked in blue color are the once validated by pyrosequencing analysis. The red and green dotted horizontal lines indicate the genome-wide significance threshold of P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively. The top candidates in each pairwise comparison were selected by test statistics and unadjusted P values for comparisons (P < 0.001 is commonly used as a cutoff for relatively small unadjusted raw P value)