Table 4.
Relationship of Maternal Factors to Adult Body Mass Index Differences Between Sibling Pairs in the Early Determinants of Mammographic Density Study (Sibling Analysis Using Quantile Regression), 1959–2008
| Model and Variable | Differencea Between Sibling BMIsb in Midlife (Age 40 Years) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantile Regression (β (SE)) | Linear Regression (β (SE)) | |||||
| 10th Percentile | 25th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 75th Percentile | 90th Percentile | ||
| Model Ac | ||||||
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.27 (0.30) | 0.65 (0.27)d | 0.21 (0.09)d |
| Model Be | ||||||
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 0.07 (0.04)d | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.30 (0.25) | 0.64 (0.26)d | 0.22 (0.10)d |
| Birth weight, kg | 0.42 (0.45) | −0.15 (0.50) | 0.80 (0.76) | 3.21 (1.46)d | 3.17 (2.59) | 1.09 (0.90) |
| Gestational age, weeks | −0.06 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.10) | −0.12 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.16) | 0.08 (0.58) | −0.11 (0.16) |
| Birth length, cm | −0.07 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.09) | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.29 (0.21) | −0.06 (0.44) | −0.12 (0.13) |
| Model Cf | ||||||
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.15) | 0.50 (0.30) | 0.20 (0.10)d |
| Birth weight, kg | 0.21 (0.92) | 0.56 (0.77) | 1.81 (0.79)d | 4.04 (1.92)d | 9.41 (1.67)d | 3.17 (1.09)d |
| Gestational age, weeks | −0.06 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.13) | −0.07 (0.13) | 0.12 (0.27) | −0.06 (0.44) | −0.13 (0.16) |
| Birth length, cm | −0.05 (0.09) | −0.16 (0.10) | −0.33 (0.12)d | −0.42 (0.26) | −0.62 (0.50) | −0.35 (0.16)d |
| Weight percentile change | ||||||
| Ages birth–4 months | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01)d | 0.08 (0.02)d | 0.10 (0.03)d | 0.05 (0.02)d |
| Ages 4 months–1 year | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.01)d | 0.06 (0.02)d | 0.07 (0.02)d | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.02)d |
| Ages 1 year–4 years | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.03)d | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.02)d |
| Height percentile change | ||||||
| Ages birth–4 months | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.02) |
| Ages 4 months–1 year | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.02)d | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.02)d |
| Ages 1 year–4 years | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.03 (0.02) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error.
a Differences were derived by subtracting the value for the sibling who was lighter in adulthood from the value for the sibling who was heavier in adulthood.
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
c Model A was the model with no adjustment (n = 246).
dP < 0.05.
e Model B adjusted for both pregnancy and the infant characteristics listed in the table (n = 241).
f Model C adjusted for all of the variables listed and childhood height variables (n = 223).