Polyamine incorporation into native Relish in vivo.
A, flies were fed 5 mm spermine for 48 h and then dissected, and midguts of the flies were examined by Western blotting. RelE20 indicates Relish-null mutant flies. B, the density of the bands of spermine-incorporated Relish-N was quantitated using ImageJ software. C, TG was expressed in S2 cells with medium containing 5 mm spermine. The expression level of cecropin A1 was analyzed by quantitative PCR. D, TG-RNAi flies were fed 5 mm spermine for 48 h. The expression level of diptericin was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Data for A and B are representative of three independent experiments. Error bars for C and D represent standard errors of mean values (n = 3). *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant. Ctrl, control.