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. 2017 Apr 12;5:e3185. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3185

Figure 2. Histological findings in the studied groups.

Figure 2

(A–C) MIA-induced joint tissue lesions in Grp P. (A) H&E stain, 10x: deformation of the articular surface, cartilage denudation with microfractures (arrow), bone remodeling, and mesenchymal transformation of the bone marrow (arrowhead). (B) H&E stain, 20x: elongated and flattened chondrocytes and extensive zones lacking viable cells (arrow). (C) PAS stain, 10x: superficial zone of cartilage with loss of matrix in the upper one-third (arrow). (D–F) Cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in GrpM Lo. (D) H&E stain, 20x: intact superficial zone with edema and deep fibrillation, disorientation and flattening of the chondrocytes. (E) H&E stain, 10x: erosion with cartilage matrix loss, branched fissure (arrow). (F) H&E stain, 10x: cartilage erosion; vertical, branched fissures (arrow), cysts (arrowhead) and mesenchymal changes affecting up to three-fourths of the bone marrow volume. (G–I) Cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in GrpM Hi. (G) PAS stain, 10x: intact superficial zone, edema, focal matrix condensation (arrow). (H) H&E stain, 10x: disorientation of chondron columns, with cell death, cell clustering and hypertrophy. Bone marrow mesenchymal changes involving approximately one-fourth of the total volume and increased thickening of the subchondral bone marrow. (I) H&E stain, 10x: intact surface with cell death and hypertrophy in the superficial zone, matrix edema, and no marrow changes in the subchondral bone.