The observed plant organ biomass (Mg ha−1), leaf area index, leaf N content (g N m−2 leaf), and soil water potential (kPa) together with the values simulated by ORYZA (v3) (red dots) and ORYZA2000 (v2.13) (black dots). Panels a to e are total above-ground biomass, panicle, stem, green leaf and dead leaf biomass. Panels h to k are the soil water potential for second to fifth soil layers below the surface, and panels f and g are the leaf area index and nitrogen content, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)