Table 2. OLS regression of z-scores.
| Column | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: z-score | HAZ | HAZ | HAZ | HAZ | WAZ | WAZ | WAZ | WAZ |
| HH has access to protected water | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.07 | 0.02 | -0.03 | 0.05 | ||
| (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.10) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.07) | |||
| HH has no access to toilet | -0.10 | -0.02 | -0.06 | -0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||
| (0.10) | (0.10) | (0.08) | (0.07) | (0.06) | (0.06) | |||
| HH utilize health service | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||
| (0.10) | (0.09) | (0.09) | (0.07) | (0.07) | (0.07) | |||
| Mothers’ education (no education is the excluded category) | ||||||||
| Primary | 0.21** | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.19** | 0.13* | 0.16** | ||
| (0.09) | (0.10) | (0.09) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.07) | |||
| Secondary | 0.73*** | 0.59** | 0.45 | 0.72*** | 0.65*** | 0.58*** | ||
| (0.25) | (0.27) | (0.28) | (0.15) | (0.16) | (0.15) | |||
| Tertiary | 1.42*** | 0.71** | 0.68** | 1.11*** | 0.75** | 0.81** | ||
| (0.29) | (0.29) | (0.29) | (0.31) | (0.33) | (0.32) | |||
| Wealth Index | 0.00** | 0.00 | 0.00* | 0.00 | ||||
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |||||
| Age of child (age 4 excluded category) | ||||||||
| Less than 1 | 1.70*** | 1.45*** | 0.94*** | 0.46** | ||||
| (0.14) | (0.27) | (0.09) | (0.19) | |||||
| 1 through 2 | 0.12 | -0.21 | 0.17** | 0.06 | ||||
| (0.13) | (0.24) | (0.08) | (0.14) | |||||
| 2 through 3 | -0.34*** | -0.35** | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||
| (0.12) | (0.17) | (0.09) | (0.13) | |||||
| 3 through 4 | -0.25** | -0.26 | 0.08 | -0.03 | ||||
| (0.10) | (0.16) | (0.07) | (0.13) | |||||
| Regional dummies | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| SAE models | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Constant | 0.45 | -1.07*** | -1.02*** | -2.25*** | -0.37 | -1.21*** | -1.31*** | -1.31*** |
| (0.68) | (0.20) | (0.23) | (0.42) | (0.34) | (0.13) | (0.14) | (0.38) | |
| Number of observations | 3,838 | 3,838 | 3,838 | 3,838 | 3,976 | 3,976 | 3,976 | 3,976 |
| R2 | 0.241 | 0.023 | 0.176 | 0.247 | 0.152 | 0.040 | 0.107 | 0.164 |
The asterisks indicate the significance level:
*** p<0.01,
** p<0.05,
* p<0.1.
Standard errors in parentheses. Regressions take sample design and household weights into account by using Stata’s svy command. The city regions of Harari, Dire Dawa, and Addis Ababa are excluded as there are no SAE model for those locations. Data: EMDHS 2014.