Table 5. Comparison of features between COPD patients with incident DM and matched controls.
| Characteristics | COPD patients with incident DM | Matched COPD controls | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 304 | n = 304 | ||
| Age, years | 66.5±11.1 | 66.3±12.1 | 0.893 |
| <50 | 32(11) | 36(12) | 0.880 |
| 50–59 | 54(18) | 54(18) | |
| 60–69 | 89(29) | 81(27) | |
| ≥70 | 129(42) | 133(44) | |
| Male gender | 222(73) | 233(77) | 0.304 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 187(62) | 192(63) | 0.676 |
| Dyslipidemia | 15(4.9) | 16(5.3) | 0.854 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 66(22) | 61(20) | 0.618 |
| Heart failure | 40(13) | 31(10) | 0.256 |
| Coronary artery disease | 90(30) | 81(27) | 0.417 |
| Kidney disease | 24(7.9) | 24(7.9) | 0.999 |
| Liver disease | 21(6.9) | 19(6.2) | 0.744 |
| Malignancy | 20(6.6) | 14(4.6) | 0.290 |
| Concomitant medications | |||
| ACEI/ARB | 90(30) | 96(32) | 0.597 |
| β blocker | 110(36) | 112(37) | 0.866 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 129(42) | 133(44) | 0.743 |
| Statin | 11(3.6) | 9(3.0) | 0.649 |
| COPD medications | |||
| β2-agonist, short-acting | 87(29) | 92(3) | 0.656 |
| β2-agonist, long-acting | 45(15) | 51(17) | 0.505 |
| Anticholinergic, short-acting | 30(9.9) | 40(13) | 0.204 |
| Methylxanthine | 254(84) | 256(84) | 0.825 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid | 11(3.6) | 16(5.3) | 0.325 |
| Oral corticosteroid | 72(24) | 57(19) | 0.137 |
| COPD severity | |||
| No ES or hospitalization | 268(88) | 281(92) | 0.244a |
| 1 ES | 22(7.2) | 15(4.9) | |
| ≥2 ES or hospitalization | 13(4.3) | 8(2.6) |
a p for trend
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ES, emergency service