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. 2017 Apr 14;3(4):e1602531. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602531

Fig. 5. Persistent spin signal and its time dependence.

Fig. 5

(A) Open-circuit voltage detected by the FM contact as a function of the in-plane magnetic B field measured on device F with the source-drain electrical connection open, showing a spin signal δV ~1.3 μV. (B) Open-circuit voltage versus B measured after t = 45 hours. (C) Spin signal δV versus elapsed time t, where δV gradually decreases to ~0.5 μV in the first 3 hours and stays around ~0.6 μV in the next 42 hours. The measurements in (A) to (C) were performed at T = 1.6 K. Inset shows the schematic of the open-circuit measurement in device F. (D) Open-circuit voltage versus B measured at T = 45 K. (E) Open-circuit voltage versus B measured at T = 45 K after t = 10 hours. (F) δV versus t measured at T = 45 K. The directions of Py magnetization M (black arrow) and the inferred channel (top surface) spin polarization S (dashed green arrow) are labeled in (A), (B), and (D).