Table 2. Study-level outcomes for HCC patients receiving adjuvant adoptive immunotherapy after curative therapies.
| Study | Recruitment period | Sample size (T/C) | Drugs and doses | Follow-up | Outcome and P value for difference ±AIT | Adverse events | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFS or PFS | OS | ||||||
| Dong et al. 2009 | 2000-2002 | 84/43 | Group I: 3 cycles of CIK (1.0-2.0×1010); Group II: 6 cycles of CIK (1.0-2.0×1010) |
>5 yr | DFS, P = 0.001 or 0.004* | OS, P = 0.884 | No long-term events |
| Huang et al. 2013 | 1999-2012 | 85/89 | NR | Median, 6.5 yr (range, 0.4-14) | PFS, P = 0.001 | OS, P = 0.001 | No grade 3 or 4 adverse events |
| Kawata et al. 1995 | 1989-1990 | 12/12 | 13 mg/m2 adriamycin, IL-2, and 2.5×105 LAK daily for 3 weeks | NR | DFS, P = 0.182 | OS, P = 0.936 | No treatment-related deaths |
| Lee, et al. 2015 | 2008-2012 | 114/112 | 16 cycles of CIK cell agent | About 3 yr | DFS, P = 0.01 | OS, P = 0.080 | No grade 3 or 4 adverse events |
| Pan et al. 2015 | 2001-2009 | 511/520 | At least 4 cycles CIK cells (1.0-1.5×1010) via intravenous infusion | NR | PFS, P = 0.001 | OS, P = 0.014 | NR |
| Takayama et al. 2000 | 1992-1995 | 76/74 | 5 cycles of lymphocytes (IL-2 + Anti-CD3) (7.1×1010) |
Median, 4.4 yr (range, 0.2-6.7) | DFS, P = 0.010 | OS, P = 0.090 | No grade 3 or 4 adverse events |
| Weng et al. 2008 | 2002-2004 | 45/40 | 39 patients received 8 cycles of CIK (1.0-1.5×1010); 6 patients received 10 cycles of CIK (1.0-1.5×1010) | Median, 1.5 yr | DFS, P = 0.012 | 100% vs. 100% | No grade 3 or 4 adverse events |
| Xie et al. 2000 | 1994-1996 | 21/21 | TACE + transarterial injection 1×109 LAK/ IL-2 (1×106 U) | NR | DFS, P < 0.05 | OS, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Xu et al. 2016 | 2008-2013 | 100/100 | 4 cycles CIK cells (1.0-1.5×1010) via intravenous infusion | Median, 3.2 (range, 0.3-6.1) years | DFS, P = 0.334 | OS, P = 0.141 | No grade 3 or 4 adverse events |
| Zhou et al. 1995 | 1992-1992 | 31/30 | 4 cycles of LAK + IL-2 | NR | DFS, P < 0.05 | NR | NR |
Abbreviations: AIT, adoptive immunotherapy; CIK, cytokine-induced killer cells; DFS, disease-free survival; IL-2, interleukin-2; LAK, lymphokine-activated killer cells; NR, not reported; OS, overall survival rate; PFS, progression-free survival; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
* Group I or II compared to control group.