Table 5.
Logit models for child illness among children 6–23.9 months in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam
| Bangladesh | Ethiopia | Vietnam | Pooled | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted† | Adjusted‡ | Unadjusted† | Adjusted‡ | Unadjusted† | Adjusted‡ | Adjusted‡ | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||
| Animal feces | 1.45* (0.22) | 1.25+ (0.17) | 1.13 (0.14) | 1.07 (0.16) | 1.62** (0.24) | 0.95 (0.19) | 1.08 (0.10) |
| Tropical livestock units | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.03) | 0.97 (0.03) | 0.91 (0.05) | 0.95 (0.05) | 0.96 (0.03) |
| Mother clean | 0.68* (0.11) | 0.85 (0.18) | 0.61*** (0.08) | 0.65* (0.12) | 0.76+ (0.12) | 1.23 (0.23) | 0.85 (0.09) |
| Child clean | 0.73* (0.11) | 0.98 (0.16) | 0.74* (0.10) | 0.95 (0.18) | 0.79 (0.12) | 0.78 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.09) |
| Improved toilet | 0.66* (0.12) | 0.87 (0.20) | 1.66 (0.89) | 1.72 (1.08) | 0.83 (0.12) | 0.92 (0.16) | 0.94 (0.13) |
| Improved drinking water | 0.71* (0.11) | 0.87 (0.15) | 0.69** (0.08) | 0.76* (0.10) | 0.88 (0.18) | 1.13 (0.26) | 0.86 (0.08) |
| N | 2,214 | 2,214 | 1,735 | 1,623 | 2,100 | 2,094 | |
| Fever | |||||||
| Animal feces | 1.20* (0.11) | 1.05 (0.10) | 1.06 (0.12) | 1.16 (0.18) | 1.54*** (0.15) | 0.92 (0.11) | 1.03 (0.07) |
| Tropical livestock units | 0.92* (0.04) | 0.94+ (0.04) | 0.91** (0.03) | 0.96 (0.03) | 0.94* (0.03) | 0.95 (0.04) | 0.95* (0.02) |
| Mother clean | 0.78* (0.08) | 0.95 (0.13) | 0.60*** (0.07) | 0.62** (0.11) | 0.65*** (0.07) | 0.92 (0.11) | 0.85* (0.06) |
| Child clean | 0.82* (0.07) | 1.06 (0.10) | 0.78* (0.09) | 0.99 (0.16) | 0.77* (0.08) | 1.01 (0.11) | 1.02 (0.07) |
| Improved toilet | 0.75** (0.07) | 0.97 (0.08) | 1.53 (0.78) | 1.81 (0.84) | 0.93 (0.09) | 1.06 (0.13) | 1.04 (0.08) |
| Improved drinking water | 0.81* (0.07) | 0.99 (0.14) | 0.73** (0.08) | 0.87 (0.12) | 0.87 (0.12) | 1.16 (0.15) | 0.99 (0.07) |
| N | 2,214 | 2,214 | 1,735 | 1,623 | 2,100 | 2,094 | |
| Cough/cold | |||||||
| Animal feces | 1.02 (0.09) | 0.86 (0.08) | 0.99 (0.11) | 1.14 (0.15) | 1.41*** (0.14) | 1.19 (0.15) | 1.00 (0.07) |
| Tropical livestock units | 0.96 (0.04) | 0.99 (0.04) | 0.91** (0.03) | 0.97 (0.03) | 0.96 (0.03) | 0.96 (0.03) | 0.97 (0.02) |
| Mother clean | 0.70*** (0.07) | 0.83 (0.11) | 0.72** (0.08) | 0.73* (0.11) | 0.80* (0.08) | 0.99 (0.12) | 0.84* (0.06) |
| Child clean | 0.78** (0.07) | 0.97 (0.09) | 0.84 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.15) | 0.85 (0.09) | 1.03 (0.14) | 1.00 (0.07) |
| Improved toilet | 0.79* (0.08) | 1.03 (0.11) | 3.18* (1.57) | 4.16+ (3.54) | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.93 (0.12) | 1.03 (0.08) |
| Improved drinking water | 0.79* (0.07) | 0.92 (0.11) | 0.74** (0.08) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.79+ (0.11) | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.88+ (0.06) |
| N | 2,214 | 2,214 | 1,735 | 1,622 | 2,100 | 2,094 | |
+ P < 0.10, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 reported for one-sided tests associated with the alternative hypothesis that better hygiene or more livestock units leads to a lower likelihood of morbidity symptoms. All standard errors are clustered at the enumeration area level.
†
Unadjusted model: bivariate analysis.
‡
Adjusted model: model included animal feces; tropical livestock units; cleanliness of mother and children; improved toilet and water sources; child age and child age square; mother's height, education, and occupation; number of children < 5 years of age; household socioeconomic status and food security; rain yesterday.