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Tail flick, hot plate and formalin test assays on cyclic peptides 7a–c. V is for vehicle; D is for DPDPE. In the HP and TF test, drugs were injected i.c.v. at the dose of 23 nmol/mouse. In the formalin test, drugs were administered s.c. at the dose of 150 nmol/mouse, 15 min before formalin. ****P < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs D. N = 8–10.
