Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Subgroups | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | B1 | B2 | A vs. B | B1 vs. B2 | |
| N | 2049 | 131 | 106 | 25 | ||
| Age (years) | 65.4 (8.2) | 60.3 (10.0) | 59.6 (9.9) | 63.1 (10.2) | <.001a | .12a |
| % Age < 45 years | 1.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.0 | <.001b | .63 b |
| % Age 45–55 years | 9.1 | 29.0 | 30.19 | 24.0 | ||
| % Age 56–65 years | 33.6 | 29.8 | 31.1 | 24.0 | ||
| % Age 66–75 years | 44.1 | 31.3 | 30.2 | 36.0 | ||
| % Age > 75 years | 12.1 | 6.1 | 4.72 | 12.0 | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| % Males | 61.1 | 56.5 | 62.3 | 32.0 | .30b | .01b |
| COPD GOLD Grade | .01b | <.001b | ||||
| % Grade 1 (FEV1% pred. ≥ 80%) | 9.0 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.0 | ||
| % Grade 2 (50 ≤ FEV1% pred. < 80) | 42.3 | 34.4 | 24.5 | 76.0 | ||
| % Grade 3 (30 ≤ FEV1% pred. < 50) | 38.1 | 42.8 | 50.9 | 8.0 | ||
| % Grade 4 (FEV1% pred. < 30) | 10.5 | 18.3 | 19.8 | 12.0 | ||
| Education | <.001b | .86b | ||||
| % Basic school education | 57.0 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 28.0 | ||
| % Secondary school education | 26.0 | 43.5 | 42.5 | 48.0 | ||
| % Higher school education | 17.0 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 24.0 | ||
| Smoking status | <.001b | .25b | ||||
| % Never smokers | 5.4 | 23.7 | 20.8 | 36.0 | ||
| % Former smokers | 69.2 | 75.6 | 78.3 | 64.0 | ||
| % Smokers | 25.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.0 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 (5.3) | 24.7 (4.0) | 24.6 (4.1) | 24.8 (3.6) | <.001a | .85a |
| % Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 35.7 | 52.7 | 52.8 | 52.0 | <.001b | .64b |
| % Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 37.1 | 33.6 | 32.1 | 40.0 | ||
| % Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 23.7 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 8.0 | ||
| % Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 0.0 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Count | 3.9 (2.6) | 3.1 (2.5) | 3.0 (2.5) | 3.4 (2.3) | <.001c | .30c |
| % Liver cirrhosis | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 | .68b | .49b |
| % Hepatitis | 5.4 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 0.0 | .48b | .13b |
Data are mean (standard deviation) or percentage (%)
A = COPD patients without Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), B = COPD patients with AATD, B1 = COPD patients with AATD and augmentation therapy (AT), B2 = COPD patients with AATD but without AT
a p-value based on t-test, b p-value based on Chi2-test, cWilcoxon signed rank test