Table 3.

Results of regression models: Association of AATD and AT with annual direct and indirect costs

		Direct costs					Indirect costs
Costs		Total direct costs	Outpatient costs	Inpatient costs	Medication costs	Other costs	HC	FC
Group	A	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	B1	0.95 (0.80 – 1.12)	2.73 (2.35 – 3.17)	0.65 (0.45 – 0.94)	0.90 (0.79 – 1.03)	1.14 (0.81 – 1.61)	1.05 (0.79 – 1.39)	0.94 (0.66 – 1.35)
	B2	0.80 (0.57 – 1.13)	1.13 (0.84 – 1.51)	0.79 (0.39 – 1.63)	0.72 (0.56 – 0.93)	1.23 (0.65 – 2.34)	0.67 (0.38 – 1.18)	1.18 (0.67 – 2.08)

A = COPD patients without Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), B1 = COPD patients with AATD and augmentation therapy (AT), B2 = COPD patients with AATD but without AT

Indirect costs only include patients < 65 years of age

Significant estimates on a level of p < .05 are printed bold

Other costs include Physiotherapist and Rehabilitation costs

HC Human capital approach, FC Friction costs approach

Total direct costs and medication costs do not include AT costs of approximately €72,000