Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| CSE | % | CRE | % | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 38,910 | N = 1227 | ||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 69.1 (15.9) | 66.6 (15.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Gender: male | 16,273 | 41.8% | 642 | 52.3% | <0.001 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 28,295 | 72.7% | 821 | 66.9% | <0.001 |
| Black | 5464 | 14.0% | 242 | 19.7% | |
| Hispanic | 1069 | 2.7% | 32 | 2.6% | |
| Other | 4082 | 10.5% | 132 | 10.8% | |
| Admission Source | |||||
| Non-healthcare facility (including from home) | 25,559 | 65.7% | 776 | 63.2% | <0.001 |
| Clinic | 1285 | 3.3% | 27 | 2.2% | |
| Transfer from ECF | 3697 | 9.5% | 266 | 21.7% | |
| Transfer from another non-acute care facility | 473 | 1.2% | 22 | 1.8% | |
| Emergency Department | 7766 | 20.0% | 132 | 10.8% | |
| Other | 130 | 0.3% | 4 | 0.3% | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidities | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 9623 | 24.7% | 329 | 26.8% | 0.096 |
| Valvular disease | 3112 | 8.0% | 96 | 7.8% | 0.825 |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 2323 | 6.0% | 93 | 7.6% | 0.020 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4285 | 11.0% | 169 | 13.8% | 0.002 |
| Paralysis | 4085 | 10.5% | 271 | 22.1% | <0.001 |
| Other neurological disorders | 8668 | 22.3% | 348 | 28.4% | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 11,035 | 28.4% | 371 | 30.2% | 0.151 |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 11,616 | 29.9% | 420 | 34.2% | 0.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 3809 | 9.8% | 141 | 11.5% | 0.049 |
| Hypothyroidism | 6764 | 17.4% | 224 | 18.3% | 0.428 |
| Renal failure | 10,810 | 27.8% | 446 | 36.3% | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 2084 | 5.4% | 65 | 5.3% | 0.929 |
| Peptic ulcer disease with bleeding | 17 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.1% | 0.428 |
| AIDS | 12 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1.000 |
| Lymphoma | 604 | 1.6% | 21 | 1.7% | 0.657 |
| Metastatic cancer | 1787 | 4.6% | 40 | 3.3% | 0.027 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 1569 | 4.0% | 34 | 2.8% | 0.026 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular | 1721 | 4.4% | 45 | 3.7% | 0.204 |
| Coagulopathy | 5350 | 13.7% | 139 | 11.3% | 0.015 |
| Obesity | 6095 | 15.7% | 191 | 15.6% | 0.926 |
| Weight loss | 6855 | 17.6% | 340 | 27.7% | <0.001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 21,332 | 54.8% | 378 | 30.8% | 0.764 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 545 | 1.4% | 24 | 2.0% | 0.105 |
| Deficiency anemia | 15,154 | 38.9% | 598 | 48.7% | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1367 | 3.5% | 33 | 2.7% | 0.122 |
| Drug abuse | 923 | 2.4% | 35 | 2.9% | 0.278 |
| Psychosis | 2358 | 6.1% | 81 | 6.6% | 0.435 |
| Depression | 5854 | 15.0% | 174 | 14.2% | 0.404 |
| Hypertension | 24,938 | 64.1% | 781 | 63.7% | 0.752 |
| Charlson Comoribidity Score | |||||
| 0 | 12,010 | 30.9% | 334 | 27.2% | <0.001 |
| 1 | 7855 | 20.2% | 230 | 18.7% | |
| 2 | 7902 | 20.3% | 244 | 19.9% | |
| 3 | 5118 | 13.2% | 180 | 14.7% | |
| 4 | 2897 | 7.4% | 146 | 11.9% | |
| 5+ | 3128 | 8.0% | 93 | 7.6% | |
| Mean (SD) | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.0) | 0.009 | ||
| Median [IQR] | 1 [0,3] | 2 [0, 3] | <0.001 | ||
| Hospital Characteristics | |||||
| Census region | |||||
| Midwest | 10,531 | 27.1% | 288 | 23.5% | <0.001 |
| Northeast | 5297 | 13.6% | 336 | 27.4% | |
| South | 16,203 | 41.6% | 310 | 25.3% | |
| West | 6879 | 17.7% | 293 | 23.9% | |
| Number of Beds | |||||
| < 200 | 6589 | 16.9% | 192 | 15.6% | <0.001 |
| 200 to 299 | 8779 | 22.6% | 338 | 27.5% | |
| 300 to 499 | 12,691 | 32.6% | 421 | 34.3% | |
| 500+ | 10,851 | 27.9% | 276 | 22.5% | |
| Teaching | 14,609 | 37.5% | 566 | 46.1% | <0.001 |
| Urban | 35,079 | 90.2% | 1167 | 95.1% | <0.001 |
CSE carbapenem sensitive Enterobacteriaceae, CRE carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, SD standard deviation, ECF extended care facility, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome, IQR interquartile range