The early dorsal β-catenin gene signature. (A) Genes were categorized as follows: secreted factors, transcriptional factors and regulators, transmembrane protein and receptors, enzymes/kinases, and others and unknowns. Human gene symbols and full names are shown (2), except when Xenopus-specific names exist. Because the subtetraploid X. laevis has long and short homologs for many genes, duplicate names have been removed from this list. For unknown genes, the gene IDs from the JGI9 X. laevis genome are indicated. (B) Venn diagram showing that the early β-catenin gene signature is distinct from the late zygotic Wnt signature (3), with only three genes in common.