Table 3.
Transthoracic Echocardiographic Parameters Including LVAD Outflow Cannula Parameters Stratified by LVAD Type
| TTE Measurement | All Patients (n = 57) | HM2 (n = 44) | HVAD (n = 13) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR grade, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | .49 |
| MR grade, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | .62 |
| Aortic root (SOV), cm, mean ± SD | 3.12 ± 0.45 | 3.12 ± 0.44 | 3.11 ± 0.52 | .93 |
| LVEDD, cm ± SD | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | .03 |
| Septum position, % | .33 | |||
| Leftward | 10.5 | 13.6 | 0 | |
| Midline | 61.4 | 56.8 | 76.9 | |
| Rightward | 28.1 | 29.5 | 23.1 | |
| Aortic valve opening, % | .03 | |||
| No opening | 59.6 | 68.2 | 30.1 | |
| Intermittent | 8.8 | 9.1 | 7.7 | |
| Regular | 31.6 | 22.7 | 61.5 | |
| Outflow cannula size, mm, mean ± SD | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 12.8 ± 1.1 | 8.4 ± 1.1 | <.0001 |
| Peak outflow cannula velocity of normal population, m/s, mean ± SD | 1.97 ± 0.49 | 1.86 ± 0.44 | 2.36 ± 0.53 | .004 |
| Lower reference limit of outflow cannula, m/s | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.30 | NA |
| Upper reference limit of outflow cannula, m/s | 2.96 | 2.73 | 3.42 | NA |
LVAD, left ventricular assist device; other abbreviations as in Table 2.