Table 2.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Less than Moderate AI by Traditional Methods Reclassified by Novel Methodsa
| Remained trace or mild AI (n = 8) | Reclassified moderate or greater AI (n = 19) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 54.0 ± 9.1 | 57.3 ± 12.7 | 0.51 |
| Male | 5 (62.5) | 15 (78.9) | 0.63 |
| LVAD characteristics | |||
| Duration of LVAD (months) | 12.1 ± 15.5 | 19.9 ± 16.3 | 0.26 |
| Destination | |||
| BTT | 3 (37.5) | 7 (36.8) | |
| DT | 5 (62.5) | 12 (63.2) | 1.0 |
| Type of LVAD | |||
| HMII | 7 (87.5) | 10 (57.9) | 0.19 |
| HVAD | 1 (12.5) | 9 (42.1) | |
| Average speed (rpm) | |||
| HMII | 9,200 ± 231 | 9,107 ± 501 | 0.64 |
| HVAD | 2,640 ± NA | 2,738 ± 134 | NA |
| Origin of cardiomyopathy | |||
| Ischemic | 4 (50.0) | 9 (47.4) | 1.0 |
| Non-ischemic | 4 (50.0) | 10 (52.6) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 6 (75.0) | 13 (68.4) | 1.0 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 (37.5) | 9 (47.4) | 0.70 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (12.5) | 6 (31.6) | 0.37 |
| DM | 5 (62.5) | 6 (31.6) | 0.21 |
| COPD | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 1.0 |
| PAD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| CVA | 1 (12.5) | 7 (36.8) | 0.36 |
| Prior sternotomy | 1 (12.5) | 5 (26.3) | 0.63 |
| TTE measurements | |||
| Vena contracta (cm) | 0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | 0.14 |
| S/D ratio | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic acceleration (cm/s2) | 23.9 ± 8.8 | 62.4 ± 19.9 | <0.0001 |
| Regurgitant fraction (%) | 21.6 ± 5.2 | 39.9 ± 7.7 | <0.0001 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 0.42 |
| Aortic root (SOV) (cm) | 3.01 ± 0.45 | 3.09 ± 0.49 | 0.70 |
| Aortic valve opening | |||
| No opening | 5 (62.5) | 7 (36.8) | |
| Intermittent | 1 (12.5) | 4 (21.1) | |
| Regular | 2 (25.0) | 8 (42.1) | 0.54 |
| Outcomes | |||
| CHF re-admissions/patient | 0.13 ± 0.35 | 1.32 ± 1.20 | 0.01 |
| Aortic valve interventions | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Transplants | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | |
| Deaths | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.29 |
BTT, bridge to transplantation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; DT, destination therapy; HMII, HeartMate II; HVAD, HeartWare ventricular assist device; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; NA, not available; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; S/D, systolic/diastolic velocity; SOV, sinus of Valsalva; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.
a
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as number (%).