TABLE 5.

Data obtainable with existing technology

Established measures and effectors of glucose homeostasis

Insulin secretion

Insulin action

Glucose effectiveness

Glucagon levels

Incretin levels

Genomics

Genotyping: candidate gene to genome-wide association studies

Sequencing: candidate gene to whole genome and cDNA

Transcriptome/microarrays

Micro RNA, long-range RNA (linc-RNA)

Epigenomics

Additional biomarkers (from plasma/serum, urine)

Proteins/proteomics (e.g. cytokines)

Metabolites/metabolomics