Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Parameters of ISO and IRO Subjects
| ISO | IRO | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25 | 13 | |
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Age, y | 57.3 ± 4.0 | 54.9 ± 3.8 | .068 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.1 ± 3.1 | 35.4 ± 3.7 | .39 |
| Weight, kg | 90.1 ± 12.7 | 95.4 ± 16.0 | .47 |
| Height, m | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | .72 |
| Fat mass, % | 48.3 ± 3.7 | 47.0 ± 3.6 | .30 |
| FFM, % | 51.7 ± 3.7 | 53.0 ± 3.6 | .30 |
| VAT (L4–L5), cm2 | 185.7 ± 46.6 | 236.8 ± 53.7 | .005 |
| SAT (L4–L5), cm2 | 532.4 ± 118.0 | 538.5 ± 122.4 | 1.00 |
| Muscle fat content, cm2 | 46.8 ± 3.2 | 48.7 ± 2.8 | .058 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 104.1 ± 10.1 | 107.7 ± 9.5 | .21 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 119.0 ± 10.5 | 119.0 ± 10.7 | 1.00 |
| Hemodynamic parameters | |||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 126.0 ± 12.5 | 128.4 ± 15.8 | .91 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 78.6 ± 8.8 | 78.9 ± 8.1 | .82 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||
| GDR, mg min−1 kg−1 FFM | 15.0 ± 2.6 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | <.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 3.1 | <.001 |
| Fasting insulin, μIU/mL | 13.0 ± 4.0 | 23.9 ± 10.4 | <.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mm | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.58 | .096 |
| 2-h OGTT 2-h insulin, μIU/mL | 58.48 ± 31.86 | 163.14 ± 89.1 | <.001 |
| 2-h OGTT 2 h-glucose, mm | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | .002 |
| OGTT glucose AUC | 885 ± 167 | 1123 ± 199 | .001 |
| OGTT insulin AUC | 7920 ± 2943 | 15300 ± 7483 | .009 |
| Total cholesterol, mm | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | .39 |
| LDL-C, mm | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | .33 |
| HDL-C, mm | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | .140 |
| Triacylglycerol, mm | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | .069 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | .139 |
| NEFA, mm | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | .81 |
| Glycerol, mm | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 1.00 |
| ALP, U/L | 82.5 ± 22.9 | 81.0 ± 18.2 | .81 |
| AST, U/L | 19.6 ± 5.9 | 19.6 ± 3.0 | .35 |
| ALT, U/L | 20.6 ± 7.6 | 26.6 ± 5.8 | .014 |
| GGT, μU/L | 18.5 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 16.6 | .22 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| WBC count, ×109/L | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | .002 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | .001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 2.7 | .073 |
| hsIL-6, pg/mL | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | .036 |
| hsTNF, pg/mL | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 2.7 | .27 |
| Haptoglobin, g/L | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | .027 |
| Orosomucoid, g/L | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.93 ± 0.17 | .025 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 282.8 ± 43.7 | 325.4 ± 47.6 | .011 |
| Energy expenditure and intake | |||
| TEE (DLW), kcal/d | 2581.0 ± 457.9 | 2637.0 ± 427.6 | .74 |
| RREE, kcal d−1 kg−1 LBM | 30.8 ± 2.2 | 32.4 ± 3.4 | .22 |
| PAEE, kcal/d | 982.0 ± 356.3 | 836.7 ± 278.8 | .26 |
| RER, VCO2/VO2 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | .54 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 1973.0 ± 434.9 | 2124.0 ± 540.0 | .40 |
| Lipid intake, % DE | 33.9 ± 6.6 | 32.7 ± 5.7 | .51 |
| CHO intake, % DE | 46.3 ± 6.4 | 48.8 ± 5.9 | .31 |
| Protein intake, % DE | 17.4 ± 3.6 | 17.4 ± 2.6 | .97 |
Abbreviations: LBM, lean body mass; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; WBC, white blood cells; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; hsIL-6, high-sensitivity IL-6; hsTNF, high-sensitivity TNF; TEE, total energy expenditure; DLW, doubly labeled water; RREE, relative resting energy expenditure; PAEE, physical activity energy expenditure; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; CHO, carbohydrates; DE, daily energy; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined with a Mann-Whitney U test.