Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of ISO and IRO Subjects Before and After a 6-Month Hypocaloric Diet
| ISO (n = 18) |
IRO (n = 10) |
P Values |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Interaction: Diet * Phenotype | Diet Effect in ISO | Diet Effect in IRO | ISO vs IRO Pre | ISO vs IRO Post | |
| Anthropometric parameters | |||||||||
| Weight, kg | 88.2 ± 13.8 | 82.9 ± 13.6 | 98.5 ± 17.3 | 92.8 ± 16.1 | .7821 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .093 | .093 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.6 ± 3.5 | 31.6 ± 3.7 | 35.5 ± 3.7 | 33.5 ± 3.7 | .9986 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .1893 | .1893 |
| Weight loss, % BW | N/A | 6.1 ± 3.9 | N/A | 5.7 ± 3.6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | .7553 |
| Fat mass, % | 47.4 ± 3.7 | 45.9 ± 5.3 | 46.4 ± 3.8 | 45.6 ± 4.0 | .5515 | .0424 | .0424 | .7162 | .7162 |
| FFM, % | 52.7 ± 3.6 | 54.1 ± 5.3 | 53.6 ± 3.8 | 54.4 ± 4.0 | .5515 | .0424 | .0424 | .7162 | .7162 |
| VAT (L4–L5), cm2 | 182.8 ± 46.3 | 162.8 ± 42.0 | 239.6 ± 54.2 | 210.8 ± 51.7 | .3667 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .0076 | .0076 |
| SAT (L4–L5), cm2 | 517.6 ± 119.2 | 470.2 ± 119.9 | 538.9 ± 129.0 | 499.0 ± 127.0 | .6438 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .6034 | .6034 |
| Muscle fat content, cm2 | 47.3 ± 3.3 | 47.4 ± 3.8 | 49.6 ± 2.1 | 49.3 ± 1.6 | .4995 | .6417 | .6417 | .0919 | .0919 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 102.9 ± 10.8 | 98.6 ± 10.0 | 107.2 ± 8.2 | 102.5 ± 6.4 | .8688 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .273 | .273 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 116.6 ± 10.7 | 111.9 ± 9.7 | 119.5 ± 11.7 | 116.5 ± 10.4 | .3453 | .0002 | .0002 | .3628 | .3628 |
| Hemodynamic parameters | |||||||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 126.7 ± 13.0 | 118.1 ± 12.9 | 131.1 ± 16.3 | 121.1 ± 14.1 | .7732 | .0005 | .0005 | .4631 | .4631 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 79.8 ± 9.4 | 73.2 ± 7.9 | 80.8 ± 7.8 | 76.0 ± 9.0 | .5768 | .0017 | .0017 | .5322 | .5322 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||||||||
| GDR, mg min−1 kg−1 FFM | 15.4 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 3.7 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 9.9 ± 2.2 | .0034 | .1446 | .0069 | <.0001 | .0007 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 3.4 | 4.9 ± 2.3 | .1665 | .0117 | .0117 | .0002 | .0002 |
| Fasting insulin, μIU/mL | 12.3 ± 3.7 | 10.9 ± 3.0 | 24.5 ± 11.4 | 19.5 ± 6.8 | .1064 | .0069 | .0069 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Fasting glucose, mm | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | .5754 | .0498 | .0498 | .1593 | .1593 |
| Total cholesterol, mm | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | .8661 | .6052 | .6052 | .2662 | .2662 |
| LDL-C, mm | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | .7505 | .9484 | .9484 | .1673 | .1673 |
| HDL-C, mm | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | .8565 | .4709 | .4709 | .0393 | .0393 |
| Triacylglycerol, mm | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | .1817 | .0751 | .0751 | .0677 | .0677 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | .9674 | .6055 | .6055 | .0572 | .0572 |
| NEFA, mm | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | .3352 | .6527 | .6527 | .8956 | .8956 |
| Glycerol, mm | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | .6380 | .4149 | .4149 | .3732 | .3732 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||||||
| hsCRP, mg/L | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | .7190 | .23 | .23 | .0273 | .0273 |
| Haptoglobin, g/L | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | .0316 | .255 | .1386 | .0259 | .472 |
| Orosomucoid, g/L | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | .391 | .3327 | .3327 | .5295 | .5295 |
| Energy expenditure | |||||||||
| RREE, kcal d−1 kg−1 LBM | 30.7 ± 2.4 | 30.9 ± 2.7 | 32.7 ± 3.7 | 31.6 ± 2.7 | .1674 | .3341 | .3341 | .2052 | .2052 |
| RER (VCO2/VO2) | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | .582 | .2 | .2 | .6314 | .6314 |
Abbreviations: Pre, before the initiation of a 6-month hypocaloric diet; Post, after a 6-month hypocaloric diet; LBM, lean body mass; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; RREE, relative resting energy expenditure; BW, body weight; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N/A, not applicable. Results are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate.