Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| NDM | DM | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| General Characteristics | |||
| Gender n (%) | Male Female | 13 (48.1) 14 (1.9) | 12 (50) 12 (50) |
| Age (in years) Mean±SD | 9.62 ±1.86 | 9.45 ±1.69 | |
| Fasting glucose level (mg/dL) Mean±SD | 78.7± 8.10* | 101.74 ±40.64 | |
| HbA1c % (mmol/mol) Mean [SD] | 4.42 ±0.61* | 6.94±1.58 | |
| Children using insulin for more than 1 year n (%) dmft/DMFT | - 0.93/0.11 | 13 (54.16) 0.94/0.13 | |
| Periodontal status | |||
| Deciduous teeth | |||
| PI** | 24.2 (63) 6.2 | 12.6 (4.1) 3.5 | |
| GI** | 15.3 (0) 5.04 | 16.3 (6.25) 6.0 | |
| PS | 1.41±0.49 | 1.34±0.29 | |
| Permanent teeth | |||
| PI** | 32 (19.4) 6.0 | 24.7 (25) 4.62 | |
| GI** | 19.1 (12.5) 3.9 | 17.6 (8.33) 4.5 | |
| PS | 1.41±0.50 | 1.48±0.48 | |
| Lipid Profile | |||
| HDL | 45.9 (8.4)* | 54.4(15.5) | |
| LDL | 82.7(21.5) | 106.4 (37.5) | |
| TRG | 66.9(27.0)* | 78.9(53.3) | |
| TC | 142.5(27.7) | 167.5(46.5) | |
| VLDL | 13.5 (5.6) | 16.12 (10.4) | |
| TL | 389.0(78.1)* | 490(143.5) | |
| Immunological profile | |||
| IL-1β | 1.98 (0.29) | 1.57 (0.31) | |
| TNF-α | 15.01 (2.91) | 11.48 (5.73) | |
| IL-6 | 2.18 (0.29) | 1.26 (0.30) | |
NDM – children without diabetes / DM – children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
PI = Plaque index, GI = Gingival Index, PD = depth probing, HDL = high density lipoprotein, LDL = low density lipoprotein, TRG = triglycerides, TC = total cholesterol, VLDL = very low density lipoprotein, TL = total lipids (values in mg/dL).
* Statistical difference when compared NDM vs. DM, according to the Student’s t-test for quantitative data and Mann-Whitney test for qualitative data (p≤0.05).
** Mean (Median) standard error of percentage of scores ≥2