Fig 5. Histone-deactylase inhibitors suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by primary human monocytes in response to M.tb infection.

CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes from ten healthy adults were infected with M.tb strain H37Rv at a multiplicity of infection of 2.5:1 for 24 hours after one hour pre-treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) depsipeptide and sodium butyrate at a final concentration of 50 ng/ml and 5mM, respectively. Cultured supernatants were tested for production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) IL-6, (B) TNF-α, and (C) IL-1β. Results are representative of two replicate experiments. (*p<0.05, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test).