. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Biol Rhythms. 2016 Jul 22;31(5):461–469. doi: 10.1177/0748730416656948

Table 2.

Association between baseline characteristics and lifestyle factors with pineal parenchyma volume and pineal secretion capacity among 122 men in AGES-Reykjavik cohort.

Category	Mean ± SD or No. (%)b	Pineal parenchyma volume^*		Pineal secretion capacity^**
Category	Mean ± SD or No. (%)b	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value
Age (yrs)	75 ± 5.2	−0.04	0.73	−0.03	0.85
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	27 ± 3.7	0.22	0.07	−0.03	0.84
Currently smoking	19 (16)	0.14	0.24	0.00	1.00
Alcohol (g/week)	26 (53)	−0.03	0.84	−0.08	0.54
Beta-blocker medication (yes/no)	41 (34)	−0.16	0.07	−0.37	0.01
Very severe sleep problem (yes/no)	11 (9)	0.14	0.27	−0.22	0.09
6-Sulfatoxymelatonin, ng/mL	21 ± 16	0.53	<0.001	0.59	<0.001
Creatinine (μmol/mL)	11 ± 4.4	−0.02	0.9	−0.02	0.86

^*** Cystic volume of the pineal (mm3)	43 (27)	0.27	0.04	0.11	0.22
^*** Calcified volume of the pineal (mm3)	17 (13)	−0,07	0.48	0.28	0.002

Mutually adjusted are age, BMI, very severe sleep problem, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, creatinine, alcohol and smoking.

^**

Mutually adjusted are age, BMI, very severe sleep problem, beta-blocker, alcohol consumption and smoking.

^***

Cystic and calcified volumes are unadjusted.