Table 1. Review of literature: Cases of the syrinx in post-TB arachnoiditis with treatment and outcome. For a complete overview of treatment modalities, we also reported two cases of posttraumatic syrinx formation.

Authors	Age and sex	Localization	Etiopathogenesis		Preoperative symptoms	Treatment	Follow-up	Outcome		Complication
			Posttraumatic iatrogenic degenerative	Infection				Motor symptoms	Sensory symptoms	Shunt dislocation	Resolution	Recurrence of syrinx
Sharma et al8	23, M	Dorsal		MT	Asymmetrical wasting of thenar and hypothenar muscles of both the hands and bilateral foot drop + dissociative sensory loss below C5 level with sparing of posterior column sensations	Full antitubercular chemotherapy	nd	NI			Yes	No
Bhagavathula Venkata et al13	54, F	From C4 to C6	Yes		Wasting of the right forearm + paresthesias in all four limbs + impaired pain and temperature sensation in the right upper limb	Decompressive laminectomy	3–6 mo	NI	SI		Yes	No
Iwatsuki et al10	52, F	From C7 to T7	Yes		Progressive gait disturbance and sphincter deficiency	Far distal SSS + laminectomies + arachnolisis	1 y	MI	SI	No	Yes	Asymptomatic large pseudomeningocele
	73, F	From T8 to L 1	Yes		Progressive gait disturbance and numbness in lower limbs					No	Yes	No
Kim et al6	54, M	L1	Yes		Impairment of motion and position sense on his right side + motor weakness of the right upper extremity	SSS with a T-tube	6 mo	MI	SI	No	Yes	No
Khalid et al5	4, M	From T1 to T6		MT	Acute flaccid paralysis	Laminectomy + midline myelotomy		MI	SI		Yes	no
Ramanathan et al7	52, F	From C5 to D6		MT	Quadriparesis + spasticity a + respiratory failure and bladder + sensory loss could not be assessed at that time	Conservative treatment	nd	MI	SI		Yes	No
Gul et al3	21, M	From T11 to L1		MT	Spastic paraparesis + T10 sensory level + neurogenic bladder	SPtS	1 mo, 6 mo, 2 y	MI	NI	No	Yes	No
Ersoy et al2	19, M	From C1 to T6		MT	Quadriparesis	SPtS	18 mo	NI		No	No	No
Ohato et al28	47, M	From C2 to T2		MT	Weakness both hands with muscle atrophy + hypalgesia below the level of T4 Sphincter tone depressed. Spastic bladder	Arachnolysis	1 y	MI	SI		Yes	No
Kaynar et al4	30, F	From T3 to T9		MT	Spastic paraparesis + loss of bladder and bowel control	SSS with a T-tube	2.5 y	MI	nd	No	Yes	Yes

Abbreviation: F, female; M, male; MI, motor improvement; MT, mycobacterium tuberculosis; nd, not described; NI, no improvement; SI, sensory improvement; SPtS, syringoperitoneal shunt; SSS, syringosubdural shunt.