Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors associated with clinical failure in 78 patients with VAP caused by CRAB included in the propensity-score-matched analysis.
| Variable | Clinical failure (n=35) | Clinical cure (n=43) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Age, median years (IQR) | 69 [63–77] | 65 [49–74] | 1.01 (0.99–1.05) | 0.30 | |||
| Male gender | 21 [60] | 31 [72] | 0.58 (0.23–1.50) | 0.26 | |||
| Underlying comorbidity | |||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 [46] | 21 [49] | 0.88 (0.36–2.16) | 0.78 | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6 [17] | 8 [19] | 0.91 (0.28–2.91) | 0.87 | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 4 [11] | 2 [5] | 2.65 (0.46–15.38) | 0.40 | |||
| Chronic liver disease | 2 [6] | 2 [5] | 1.24 (0.17–9.30) | >0.99 | |||
| Connective tissue disease | 2 [6] | 2 [5] | 1.24 (0.17–9.30) | >0.99 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 [23] | 3 [7] | 3.95 (0.96–16.24) | 0.056 | 4.66 (0.82–26.45) | 0.082 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 [11] | 1 [2] | 5.42 (0.58–50.90) | 0.17 | |||
| Malignancy | 4 [11] | 8 [19] | 0.57 (0.16–2.06) | 0.53 | |||
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 4 [11] | 2 [5] | 2.65 (0.46–15.38) | 0.40 | |||
| Type of ICU admission | |||||||
| Medical | 32 [91] | 24 [56] | 8.44 (2.24–31.86) | 0.001 | 7.14 (1.60–32.00) | 0.010 | |
| Surgical | 1 [9] | 10 [23] | 0.10 (0.12–0.80) | 0.019 | |||
| Trauma-related | 2 [6] | 9 [21] | 0.23 (0.46–1.14) | 0.099 | |||
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 22 [19–25] | 20 [16–24] | 1.12 (1.00–1.27) | 0.061 | |||
| Presentations of VAP | |||||||
| CPIS, median (IQR) | 6 [5–7] | 6 [5–7] | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 0.99 | |||
| Septic shock | 27 [77] | 16 [37] | 5.70 (2.09–15.52) | <0.001 | 3.93 (1.27–12.17) | 0.018 | |
| Colistin-only susceptible isolates | 3 [9] | 3 [7] | 1.25 (0.24–6.62) | >0.99 | |||
| Treatment of VAP | |||||||
| Appropriate empiric therapy | 9 [26] | 7 [16] | 1.78 (0.59–5.40) | 0.31 | |||
| Colistin nebulizer | 14 [40] | 25 [58] | 0.48 (0.19–1.19) | 0.11 | 0.36 (0.12–1.09) | 0.070 | |
| Colistin monotherapy | 9 [26] | 17 [40] | 0.53 (0.20–1.40) | 0.20 | |||
| Colistin only with antibiotics for synergy | 18 [51] | 20 [47] | 1.22 (0.50–2.98) | 0.67 | |||
| Colistin with 1 other susceptible antibiotics | 7 [20] | 6 [14] | 1.54 (0.47–5.10) | 0.48 | |||
| Colistin with 2 other susceptible antibiotics | 1 [3] | 0 | 0.45 | ||||
| Other antibiotics use | |||||||
| Carbepenems | 18 [51] | 20 [47] | 1.22 (0.50–2.98) | 0.67 | |||
| Tigecycline | 6 [17] | 4 [9] | 2.02 (0.52–7.81) | 0.33 | |||
| Minocycline | 2 [6] | 3 [7] | 0.81 (0.13–5.13) | >0.99 | |||
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 4 [11] | 3 [7] | 1.72 (0.36–8.26) | 0.69 | |||
| Amikacin | 0 | 0 | N/A | ||||
| AKI during colistin therapy | 13 [37] | 13 [30] | 1.36 (0.53–3.51) | 0.52 | |||
Data are presented as No. (%) unless indicated otherwise. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; AKI, acute kidney injury; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CBA, colistin base activity; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MV, mechanical ventilation; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.