Table 4.
Behavioral analysis of castrated and tail docked piglets across all treatments and time points.d
| Behavior | F4,130 | p* | Treatment |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (19)b | MEL + 0 (37) | SAL + 0 (50) | SAL + EMLA (27) | MEL + EMLA (50) | ||||
| Proportion (duration) | Playing | 0.62 | 0.6508 | 0.90 ± 0.66 | 2.22 ± 1.25 | 0.85 ± 0.38 | 1.16 ± 0.61 | 0.81 ± 0.41 |
| Walking | 1.34 | 0.2587 | 5.78 ± 2.33 | 9.24 ± 1.84 | 8.21 ± 1.74 | 8.91 ± 1.97 | 11.17 ± 2.06 | |
| Running | 0.56 | 0.6945 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | |
| Awake inactive | 1.36 | 0.2519 | 35.75 ± 5.5 | 45.60 ± 4.3 | 41.46 ± 3.95 | 51.47 ± 5.97 | 45.50 ± 3.82 | |
| Sleeping | 1.99 | 0.0997 | 57.47 ± 7.00 | 43.09 ± 5.79 | 49.25 ± 0.01 | 38.08 ± 7.30 | 42.27 ± 4.86 | |
| Suckling | 1.05 | 0.3861 | 7.83 ± 3.9 | 14.30 ± 3.35 | 13.50 ± 2.46 | 19.81 ± 5.30 | 15.61 ± 2.77 | |
| Nosing udder | 0.95 | 0.4355 | 1.64 ± 0.98 | 3.84 ± 1.16 | 7.15 ± 1.88 | 6.00 ± 1.65 | 6.02 ± 1.52 | |
| Nosing | 0.77 | 0.5474 | 5.94 ± 3.01 | 6.74 ± 1.81 | 5.67 ± 1.68 | 6.07 ± 1.62 | 7.18 ± 1.57 | |
| Chewing | 1.48 | 0.211 | 0.27 ± 0.13 | 1.23 ± 0.53 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.47 ± 0.26 | 0.34 ± 0.14 | |
| Stiffness | 0.75 | 0.5614 | 0.93 ± 0.36 | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.26 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | |
| Trembling | 0.95 | 0.4373 | 0.50 ± 0.30 | 0.40 ± 0.26 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.34 | 0.85 ± 0.53 | |
| Spasms | 0.43 | 0.7845 | 1.12 ± 0.25 | 1.57 ± 0.77 | 0.90 ± 0.24 | 1.46 ± 0.53 | 1.12 ± 0.23 | |
| Scratching | 0.14 | 0.9675 | 0.38 ± 0.33 | 0.45 ± 0.27 | 0.29 ± 0.17 | 0.50 ± 0.36 | 0.33 ± 0.13 | |
| Tail wagging | 2.65 | 0.036c | 0.94 ± 0.58 | 2.18 ± 0.81 | 0.60 ± 0.16 | 3.06 ± 1.01 | 2.68 ± 0.77 | |
| Lying | 0.94 | 0.4411 | 75.09 ± 7.19 | 66.67 ± 5.32 | 64.33 ± 4.93 | 64.68 ± 6.36 | 58.21 ± 4.85 | |
| Sitting | 1.17 | 0.327 | 4.13 ± 1.61 | 2.61 ± 0.57 | 2.95 ± 0.11 | 5.40 ± 1.80 | 4.89 ± 1.11 | |
| Standing | 1.99 | 0.0992 | 19.87 ± 6.70 | 30.3 ± 4.98 | 32.55 ± 4.77 | 29.47 ± 5.51 | 36.45 ± 4.64 | |
| Kneeling | 2.43 | 0.051 | 0.92 ± 0.49 | 0.69 ± 0.42 | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.44 ± 0.34 | 0.44 ± 0.22 | |
| Isolated | 4.67 | 0.0015 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.04 ± 0.04a | 0.15 ± 0.15a | 18.09 ± 11.59a | 3.08 ± 2.50a | |
| Desynchronized | 0.45 | 0.7717 | 1.94 ± 1.4 | 2.00 ± 1.68 | 1.56 ± 0.88 | 3.32 ± 2.36 | 1.92 ± 1.40 | |
aStatistical significance after post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05).
bSample sizes for each treatment group.
cInteractions were not statistically significant after post hoc Tukey test.
dTwenty-four hour pre-castration for 1 h, 7 h immediately post-castration, and 24 h post-castration for 1 h.
*Significant effects (p < 0.05) are indicated in bold.