Figure 4.

Forest plot of the odds ratio of patients being above diagnostic threshold (variously defined) comparing psychological interventions with control conditions, fixed effects analysis.

^aCognitive behavioral therapy arms of those trials.

^bCounseling arm (Cooper et al) or individual counseling arm (Milgrom et al).

^cGroup counseling arm (Milgrom et al) or psychodynamic therapy arm (Cooper et al).

* Diagnostic threshold: clinical interview.

† Diagnostic threshold: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥12.

‡ Diagnostic threshold: Beck Depression Inventory score ≥10.

§ Diagnostic threshold: Beck Depression Inventory, second version score ≥14.

¶ Diagnostic threshold: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥10.