Table 4.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for colorectal cancer risk in relation to intake of vegetables and fruits
| Total energy adjusted vegetables and fruits intake |
Male (n = 1875) |
Female (n = 894) |
Total (n = 2769) |
|||||||
| Controls | Age-adjusted | Multivariate | Controls | Age-adjusted | Multivariate | Controls | Age-adjusted | Multivariate | ||
| /cases (n) | OR (95%CI) | OR1 (95%CI) | /cases (n) | OR (95%CI) | OR1 (95%CI) | /cases (n) | OR (95%CI) | OR1 (95%CI) | ||
| Total vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 224.2) | 417/275 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 317.7) | 199/166 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 616/441 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (224.2-< 380.0) | 416/230 | 0.83 (0.67-1.04) | 0.94 (0.74-1.21) | T2 (317.7- < 534.8) | 199/91 | 0.55 (0.39-0.75) | 0.60 (0.42-0.85) | 615//321 | 0.72 (0.60-0.87) | 0.81 (0.67-0.99) |
| T3 (≥ 380.0) | 417/120 | 0.43 (0.34-0.56) | 0.60 (0.45-0.79) | T3 (≥ 534.8) | 198/41 | 0.25 (0.17-0.37) | 0.32 (0.21-0.48) | 615/161 | 0.36 (0.29-0.45) | 0.50 (0.40-0.63) |
| P for trend2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Total vegetables (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 123.0) | 416/256 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 135.9) | 198/143 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 614/399 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (123.0-< 203.6) | 418/270 | 1.05 (0.84-1.30) | 1.19 (0.93-1.52) | T2 (135.9- < 219.1) | 200/110 | 0.76 (0.55-1.04) | 0.89 (0.62-1.26) | 618/380 | 0.94 (0.79-1.13) | 1.05 (0.86-1.28) |
| T3 (≥ 203.6) | 416/99 | 0.38 (0.29-0.50) | 0.48 (0.36-0.64) | T3 (≥ 219.1) | 198/45 | 0.31 (0.21-0.46) | 0.37 (0.24-0.57) | 614/114 | 0.36 (0.29-0.45) | 0.43 (0.34-0.55) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Total fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 68.3) | 416/224 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 135.0) | 198/129 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 614/353 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (68.3-< 178.1) | 418/265 | 1.18 (0.94-1.47) | 1.36 (1.06-1.74) | T2 (135.0- < 307.1) | 199/124 | 0.96 (0.70-1.31) | 1.03 (0.73-1.46) | 617/389 | 1.09 (0.91-1.31) | 1.21 (1.00-1.48) |
| T3 (≥ 178.1) | 416/136 | 0.61 (0.47-0.78) | 0.77 (0.58-1.02) | T3 (≥ 307.1) | 199/45 | 0.35 (0.23-0.51) | 0.41 (0.27-0.63) | 615/181 | 0.51 (0.41-0.63) | 0.67 (0.53-0.84) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.017 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Green vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 48.8) | 417/238 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 61.0) | 199/151 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 616/389 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (48.8-< 93.6) | 417/280 | 1.17 (0.94-1.46) | 1.21 (0.94-1.54) | T2 (61.0-< 114.2) | 198/115 | 0.76 (0.56-1.04) | 0.89 (0.63-1.27) | 615/395 | 1.01 (0.84-1.21) | 1.06 (0.87-1.30) |
| T3 (≥ 93.6) | 416/107 | 0.45 (0.34-0.58) | 0.49 (0.36-0.65) | T3 (≥ 114.2) | 199/32 | 0.21 (0.14-0.32) | 0.25 (0.16-0.40) | 615/139 | 0.35 (0.28-0.44) | 0.39 (0.31-0.50) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Red/purple vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 22.1) | 416/191 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 39.5) | 199/112 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 615/303 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (22.1- < 62.2) | 417/266 | 1.39 (1.10-1.75) | 1.63 (1.26-2.11) | T2 (39.5-< 98.5) | 199/121 | 1.08 (0.78-1.49) | 1.21 (0.84-1.73) | 616/387 | 1.27 (1.06-1.54) | 1.46 (1.19-1.79) |
| T3 (≥ 62.2) | 417/168 | 0.88 (0.68-1.12) | 1.10 (0.83-1.44) | T3 (≥ 98.5) | 198/65 | 0.58 (0.41-0.84) | 0.66 (0.44-0.99) | 615/233 | 0.77 (0.63-0.94) | 0.96 (0.77-1.20) |
| P for trend | 0.042 | 0.706 | 0.002 | 0.027 | < 0.001 | 0.033 | ||||
| Orange /yellow vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 21.1) | 416/162 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 40.7) | 199/89 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 615/251 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (21.1- < 54.0) | 417/264 | 1.63 (1.28-2.07) | 1.91 (1.47-2.49) | T2 (40.7- < 100.6) | 198/140 | 1.58 (1.14-2.20) | 1.77 (1.23-2.56) | 615/404 | 1.61 (1.33-1.95) | 1.78 (1.45-2.20) |
| T3 (≥ 54.0) | 417/199 | 1.23 (0.96-1.58) | 1.61 (1.22-2.12) | T3 (≥ 100.6) | 199/69 | 0.77 (0.53-1.12) | 0.85 (0.56-1.27) | 616/268 | 1.07 (0.87-1.31) | 1.33 (1.06-1.66) |
| P for trend | 0.618 | 0.021 | 0.051 | 0.163 | 0.286 | 0.576 | ||||
| Orange /yellow fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 15.9) | 416/230 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 32.5) | 199/105 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 615/335 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (15.9- < 47.9) | 417/230 | 1.00 (0.79-1.25) | 1.17 (0.91-1.51) | T2 (32.5- < 90.6) | 198/130 | 1.24 (0.90-1.72) | 1.43 (1.00-2.06) | 616/360 | 1.07 (0.89-1.29) | 1.20 (0.98-1.47) |
| T3 (≥ 47.9) | 417/165 | 0.72 (0.56-0.91) | 0.98 (0.75-1.28) | T3 (≥ 90.6) | 199/63 | 0.60 (0.42-0.87) | 0.64 (0.43-0.97) | 615/228 | 0.68 (0.56-0.83) | 0.85 (0.69-1.06) |
| P for trend | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Orange /yellow vegetable (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 2.7) | 416/144 | 1.00 | 1.00 | T1 (< 3.2) | 198/77 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 614/221 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (2.7- < 7.7) | 417/188 | 1.30 (1.01-1.68) | 1.47 (1.11-1.95) | T2 (3.2- < 9.1) | 200/69 | 0.89 (0.61-1.30) | 1.14 (0.75-1.73) | 617/257 | 1.16 (0.94-1.43) | 1.30 (1.04-1.64) |
| T3 (≥ 7.7) | 417/293 | 2.09 (1.63-2.67) | 2.41 (1.83-3.16) | T3 (≥ 9.1) | 198/152 | 2.01 (1.43-2.83) | 2.28 (1.55-3.34) | 615/445 | 2.06 (1.69-2.51) | 2.19 (1.77-2.73) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| White vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 87.9) | 416/301 | 1 | 1 | T1 (< 109.9) | 199/156 | 1 | 1 | 615/457 | 1 | 1 |
| T2 (87.9- < 153.9) | 418/219 | 0.72 (0.57-0.90) | 0.84 (0.66-1.08) | T2 (109.9- < 198.0) | 199/99 | 0.63 (0.46-0.87) | 0.78 (0.55-1.11) | 617/318 | 0.69 (0.58-0.83) | 0.8 (0.66-0.98) |
| T3 (≥ 153.9) | 416/105 | 0.34 (0.27-0.45) | 0.47 (0.35-0.63) | T3 (≥ 198.0) | 198/43 | 0.28 (0.19-0.41) | 0.34 (0.22-0.52) | 614/148 | 0.32 (0.26-0.40) | 0.43 (0.34-0.55) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
1
Adjusted by age, education, alcohol consumption, BMI, regular exercise, red meat, processed meat and total energy intake;
2
Test for trend calculated with the median intake for each category of vegetables and fruits as a continuous variable.