Table 5.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for colorectal cancer subsites in relation to intake of vegetables and fruits
|
Control |
Proximal colon |
No. |
Distal colon |
No. |
Rectum |
|||||
| No. | No. | Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95%CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95%CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95%CI) | |||
| Men | ||||||||||
| Total vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 224.2) | 417 | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 76 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 145 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (224.2- < 380.0) | 416 | 45 | 0.97 (0.63-1.49) | 1.08 (0.68-1.69) | 73 | 0.95 (0.67-1.35) | 1.10 (0.76-1.58) | 107 | 0.74 (0.55-0.98) | 0.82 (0.61-1.12) |
| T3 (≥ 380.0) | 417 | 22 | 0.47 (0.28-0.80) | 0.63 (0.36-1.09) | 29 | 0.38 (0.24-0.59) | 0.50 (0.32-0.80) | 68 | 0.47 (0.34-0.64) | 0.67 (0.47-0.94) |
| P for trend2 | 0.004 | 0.086 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.018 | ||||
| Total vegetables (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 123.0) | 416 | 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 142 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (123.0-< 203.6) | 418 | 46 | 1.13 (0.72-1.77) | 1.26 (0.79-2.01) | 88 | 1.32 (0.93-1.87) | 1.50 (1.04-2.16) | 130 | 0.91 (0.69-1.20) | 1.05 (0.77-1.41) |
| T3 (≥ 203.6) | 416 | 27 | 0.67 (0.40-1.11) | 0.80 (0.47-1.37) | 24 | 0.36 (0.22-0.59) | 0.44 (0.27-0.74) | 48 | 0.34 (0.24-0.48) | 0.43 (0.29-0.63) |
| P for trend | 0.089 | 0.34 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Total fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 68.3) | 416 | 37 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 113 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (68.3- < 178.1) | 418 | 52 | 1.38 (0.89-2.16) | 1.59 (1.01-2.52) | 76 | 1.09 (0.76-1.55) | 1.26 (0.88-1.83) | 129 | 1.14 (0.85-1.52) | 1.30 (0.96-1.78) |
| T3 (≥ 178.1) | 416 | 24 | 0.64 (0.38-1.09) | 0.83 (0.47-1.44) | 33 | 0.47 (0.31-0.74) | 0.59 (0.38-0.94) | 78 | 0.69 (0.50-0.95) | 0.90 (0.63-1.27) |
| P for trend | 0.035 | 0.269 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.318 | ||||
| Green vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 48.8) | 417 | 39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 129 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (48.8- < 93.6) | 417 | 49 | 1.24 (0.80-1.94) | 1.26 (0.79-1.99) | 87 | 1.35 (0.95-1.92) | 1.43 (0.99-2.07) | 136 | 1.05 (0.80-1.39) | 1.08 (0.79-1.46) |
| T3 (≥ 93.6) | 416 | 25 | 0.63 (0.38-1.07) | 0.67 (0.39-1.16) | 27 | 0.42 (0.26-0.67) | 0.46 (0.28-0.74) | 55 | 0.43 (0.30-0.60) | 0.47 (0.32-0.68) |
| P for trend | 0.048 | 0.092 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Red/purple vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 22.1) | 416 | 34 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 91 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (22.1- < 62.2) | 417 | 48 | 1.40 (0.88-2.22) | 1.63 (1.01-2.04) | 73 | 1.21 (0.84-1.75) | 1.39 (0.95-2.04) | 138 | 1.52 (1.13-2.04) | 1.84 (1.33-2.53) |
| T3 (≥ 62.2) | 417 | 31 | 0.90 (0.55-1.50) | 1.12 (0.66-1.88) | 45 | 0.75 (0.50-1.13) | 0.92 (0.60-1.41) | 91 | 1.00 (0.72-1.38) | 1.28 (0.90-1.81) |
| P for trend | 0.371 | 0.895 | 0.067 | 0.379 | 0.355 | 0.666 | ||||
| Orange/yellow vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 21.1) | 416 | 28 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 86 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (21.1- < 54.0) | 418 | 43 | 1.52 (0.93-2.50) | 1.80 (1.08-3.01) | 73 | 1.55 (1.05-2.29) | 1.86 (1.24-2.80) | 138 | 1.61 (1.19-2.18) | 1.86 (1.34-2.59) |
| T3 (≥ 54.0) | 416 | 42 | 1.49 (0.90-2.45) | 1.94 (1.16-3.27) | 58 | 1.23 (0.82-1.85) | 1.60 (1.04-2.46) | 96 | 1.12 (0.81-1.55) | 1.47 (1.04-2.09) |
| P for trend | 0.217 | 0.03 | 0.683 | 0.121 | 0.837 | 0.178 | ||||
| Orange /yellow fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 15.9) | 416 | 38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 120 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (15.9-< 47.9) | 417 | 46 | 1.20 (0.77-1.89) | 1.43 (0.90-2.27) | 61 | 0.88 (0.61-1.27) | 1.04 (0.71-1.52) | 115 | 0.96 (0.72-1.28) | 1.11 (0.82-1.52) |
| T3 (≥ 47.9) | 417 | 29 | 0.76 (0.46-1.25) | 1.04 (0.62-1.75) | 48 | 0.69 (0.47-1.02) | 0.92 (0.61-1.38) | 85 | 0.71 (0.52-0.96) | 0.97 (0.69-1.36) |
| P for trend | 0.155 | 0.849 | 0.065 | 0.625 | 0.02 | 0.724 | ||||
| Orange /yellow vegetable (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 2.7) | 416 | 31 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 70 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (2.7-< 7.7) | 417 | 27 | 0.87 (0.51-1.48) | 1.01 (0.59-1.75) | 55 | 1.44 (0.93-2.23) | 1.68 (1.07-2.63) | 101 | 1.44 (1.03-2.01) | 1.64 (1.15-2.34) |
| T3 (≥ 7.7) | 417 | 55 | 1.79 (1.12-2.86) | 2.15 (1.32-3.51) | 85 | 2.28 (1.51-3.44) | 2.72 (1.77-4.18) | 149 | 2.19 (1.59-3.02) | 2.51 (1.77-3.54) |
| P for trend | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| White vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 87.9) | 416 | 51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 87 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 156 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (87.9- < 153.9) | 418 | 46 | 0.88 (0.58-1.35) | 1.04 (0.67-1.61) | 68 | 0.77 (0.54-1.09) | 0.89 (0.62-1.28) | 100 | 0.63 (0.48-0.84) | 0.76 (0.55-1.03) |
| T3 (≥ 153.9) | 416 | 16 | 0.31 (0.17-0.55) | 0.40 (0.22-0.73) | 23 | 0.26 (0.16-0.42) | 0.34 (0.21-0.56) | 64 | 0.41 (0.29-0.56) | 0.58 (0.41-0.83) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Women | ||||||||||
| Total vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 317.7) | 199 | 29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 70 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (317.7-< 534.8) | 199 | 19 | 0.65 (0.35-1.20) | 0.66 (0.35-1.25) | 28 | 0.44 (0.27-0.71) | 0.47 (0.28-0.79) | 41 | 0.58 (0.38-0.90) | 0.65 (0.41-1.03) |
| T3 (≥ 534.8) | 198 | 5 | 0.17 (0.07-0.45) | 0.22 (0.08-0.58) | 21 | 0.33 (0.19-0.56) | 0.41 (0.23-0.71) | 13 | 0.19 (0.10-0.35) | 0.25 (0.13-0.47) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Total vegetables (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 135.9) | 198 | 26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 61 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (135.9-< 219.1) | 200 | 22 | 0.83 (0.45-1.51) | 1.02 (0.53-1.95) | 41 | 0.80 (0.50-1.26) | 0.97 (0.59-1.57) | 45 | 0.73 (0.47-1.12) | 0.82 (0.52-1.31) |
| T3 (≥ 219.1) | 198 | 5 | 0.19 (0.07-0.50) | 0.22 (0.08-0.61) | 21 | 0.41 (0.29-0.71) | 0.50 (0.28-0.89) | 18 | 0.29 (0.17-0.51) | 0.36 (0.20-0.65) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.018 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Total fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 135.0) | 198 | 21 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (135.0-< 307.1) | 199 | 27 | 1.29 (0.70-2.35) | 1.37 (0.73-2.58) | 46 | 1.00 (0.63-1.57) | 1.05 (0.65-1.69) | 48 | 0.81 (0.53-1.25) | 0.88 (0.56-1.38) |
| T3 (≥ 307.1) | 199 | 5 | 0.24 (0.09-0.64) | 0.27 (0.10-0.76) | 21 | 0.45 (0.26-0.79) | 0.52 (0.29-0.93) | 17 | 0.29 (0.16-0.51) | 0.35 (0.19-0.64) |
| P for trend | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Green vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 61.0) | 199 | 26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (61.0- < 114.2) | 198 | 23 | 0.87 (0.48-1.59) | 1.03 (0.55-1.93) | 39 | 0.65 (0.42-1.02) | 0.78 (0.49-1.26) | 51 | 0.85 (0.56-1.29) | 0.98 (0.62-1.54) |
| T3 (≥ 114.2) | 199 | 4 | 0.15 (0.05-0.43) | 0.18 (0.06-0.54) | 14 | 0.23 (0.12-0.43) | 0.28 (0.15-0.53) | 13 | 0.21 (0.11-0.40) | 0.26 (0.14-0.50) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Red/purple vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 39.5) | 199 | 20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (39.5- < 98.5) | 199 | 26 | 1.30 (0.70-2.41) | 1.54 (0.81-2.95) | 44 | 1.07 (0.67-1.71) | 1.19 (0.72-1.95) | 49 | 1.04 (0.67-1.63) | 1.18 (0.73-1.89) |
| T3 (≥ 98.5) | 198 | 7 | 0.35 (0.15-0.85) | 0.43 (0.17-1.06) | 28 | 0.69 (0.41-1.15) | 0.75 (0.43-1.30) | 28 | 0.60 (0.36-1.00) | 0.71 (0.41-1.21) |
| P for trend | 0.013 | 0.052 | 0.118 | 0.232 | 0.035 | 0.157 | ||||
| Orange/yellow vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 40.7) | 199 | 16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 33 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (40.7- < 100.6) | 198 | 22 | 1.38 (0.70-2.71) | 1.58 (0.78-3.20) | 50 | 1.52 (0.94-2.47) | 1.72 (1.03-2.87) | 62 | 1.56 (1.00-2.43) | 1.74 (1.08-2.80) |
| T3 (≥ 100.6) | 199 | 15 | 0.93 (0.45-1.93) | 1.05 (0.49-2.24) | 30 | 0.91 (0.53-1.55) | 0.98 (0.56-1.72) | 22 | 0.55 (0.32-0.96) | 0.61 (0.34-1.09) |
| P for trend | 0.674 | 0.891 | 0.461 | 0.634 | 0.013 | 0.041 | ||||
| Orange/yellow fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 32.5) | 199 | 18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 48 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (32.5- < 90.6) | 199 | 22 | 1.22 (0.63-2.34) | 1.44 (0.72-2.85) | 47 | 1.24 (0.77-1.98) | 1.43 (0.87-2.35) | 56 | 1.17 (0.76-1.80) | 1.35 (0.85-2.15) |
| T3 (≥ 90.6) | 198 | 13 | 0.72 (0.35-1.52) | 0.79 (0.37-1.70) | 28 | 0.74 (0.44-1.25) | 0.77 (0.44-1.35) | 20 | 0.42 (0.24-0.73) | 0.44 (0.25-0.80) |
| P for trend | 0.281 | 0.37 | 0.15 | 0.198 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Orange/yellow vegetable (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 3.2) | 198 | 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 27 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 34 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (3.2- < 9.1) | 200 | 11 | 0.84 (0.37-1.91) | 1.17 (0.49-2.75) | 28 | 1.03 (0.59-1.81) | 1.35 (0.75-2.46) | 28 | 0.82 (0.48-1.40) | 1.04 (0.59-1.84) |
| T3 (≥ 9.1) | 198 | 29 | 2.21 (1.11-4.40) | 2.87 (1.36-6.03) | 58 | 2.20 (1.33-3.64) | 2.54 (1.48-4.36) | 62 | 1.85 (1.16-2.95) | 2.05 (1.24-3.40) |
| P for trend | 0.005 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| White vegetables and fruits (g/d) | ||||||||||
| T1 (< 109.9) | 199 | 31 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 61 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 (109.9- < 198.0) | 199 | 15 | 0.49 (0.25-0.93) | 0.59 (0.30-1.16) | 36 | 0.60 (0.38-0.95) | 0.75 (0.46-1.22) | 45 | 0.74 (0.48-1.14) | 0.93 (0.59-1.48) |
| T3 (≥ 198.0) | 198 | 7 | 0.22 (0.10-0.50) | 0.25 (0.10-0.59) | 17 | 0.28 (0.16-0.50) | 0.35 (0.19-0.63) | 18 | 0.30 (0.17-0.52) | 0.37 (0.21-0.67) |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
1
Adjusted by age, education, alcohol consumption, BMI, regular exercise, red meat, processed meat and total energy intake;
2
Test for trend calculated with the median intake for each category of vegetables and fruits as a continuous variable.