Table 1.

Summary of Phase I clinical trials of vaccines for EVD. vp, viral particles; pfu, plaque-forming units.

vaccine type	vaccine(s)	clinical trials.gov identifier	vaccination start month	dose(s) used	regimen	site	N	references
DNA vaccine	VRC-EBODNA012-00-VP-DNA: 3-plasmid (transmembrane-deleted EBOV GP, SUDV GP, nucleoprotein)	NCT00072605	November 2003	2, 4 or 8 mg	three doses at weeks 0, 4, 8	MD, USA	27 (5, 8, 8 + 6 placebos)	[13]
replication-deficient viral vectors	rAdHu5 EBOV and SUDV GP with single point mutation in GP (asp- > glu at position 71)	NCT00374309	September 2006	2 × 109 vp, 2 × 1010 vp	single dose	MD, USA	31 (12, 11 + 8 placebo)	[14]
DNA vaccine	VRC-EBODNA023-00-VP 2 plasmids—SUDV and EBOV GPs with a Marburg DNA vaccine (full-length WT GP)	NCT00605514	January 2008	4 mg	three doses at weeks 0, 4, 8, fourth dose boost at 32 weeks	MD, USA	20	[15]
DNA vaccine	VRC-EBODNA023-00-VP 2 plasmids—SUDV and EBOV GPs with a Marburg DNA vaccine (full-length WT GP)	NCT00997607	November 2009	4 mg	three doses at weeks 0, 4, 8	Kampala, Uganda	30 EBOV vaccine, 30 Marburg vaccine, 30 both concomitantly	[16]
replication-deficient viral vectors	mixture of ChAd3 EBOV and SUDV GP	NCT02231866	September 2014	1 × 1010 vp, 1 × 1011 vp	single dose	MD, USA	20 (10 per dose)	[17]
replication-deficient viral vector	ChAd3 EBOV GP	NCT02240875	September 2014	1 × 1010 vp, 2.5 × 1010 vp, 5 × 1010 vp	single dose	Oxford, UK	60 (20 per dose)	[18]
replication-deficient viral vectors	ChAd3 EBOV GP and MVA-BN Filo	NCT02240875	September 2014	ChAd3 at: 1 × 1010 vp, 2.5 × 1010 vp, 5 × 1010 vp MVA at: 1.5 × 108, 3 × 108 pfu	ChAd3 at D0, MVA at 3–10 weeks, 1 week or 2 weeks	Oxford, UK	30 (15 each dose), split across the ChAd3 dose groups	[18]
live replicating viral vaccine	rVSV-ZEBOV	NCT02269423 NCT02280408	October 2014	3 × 106, 2 × 107 pfu	single dose	Washington DC, Baltimore MD, USA	52 (26 at each site, 10 + 3 placebos in each dose group)	[19]
replication-deficient viral vector	ChAd3 EBOV GP	NCT02289027	October 2014	2.5 × 1010 vp, 5 × 1010 vp	single dose	Lausanne, Switzerland	120 (100 vaccinees, 20 placebo)	[18,20]
replication-deficient viral vector	ChAd3 EBOV GP	NCT02267109	October 2014	1 × 1010 vp, 2.5 × 1010 vp, 5 × 1010 vp, 1 × 1011 vp	ChAd3 at D0, MVA at 11–16 weeks	Bamako, Mali	91	[21]
live replicating viral vaccine	rVSV-ZEBOV	NCT02296983 NCT02283099 NCT02287480	November 2014	3 × 105, 3 × 106, 1 × 107, 2 × 107, 5 × 107 pfu	single dose	Kilifi, Kenya; Hamburg, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland	158	[22]
replication-deficient viral vectors	AdHu26 EBOV GP and MVA-BN Filo	NCT02313077	December 2014	ChAd3 at 5 × 1010 vp MVA at 1 × 108	Chad3 or MVA at D0, heterologous boosting at 2, 4 or 8 weeks	Oxford, UK	87 (75 vaccinees and 12 placebo)	[23]
replication-deficient viral vector	rAdHu5 encoding EBOV GP from 2014 outbreak strain	NCT02326194	December 2014	4 × 1010 vp, 1.6 × 1011 vp	single dose	Jiangsu, China	120 (40 low dose, 40 high dose, 40 placebo)	[24]
live replicating viral vaccine	rVSV-ZEBOV	NCT02287480	January 2015	3 × 105 pfu	single dose	Geneva, Switzerland	56 (51 vaccinees and 5 placebo)	[25]