Figure 4.

Informed individuals tend to fly ahead of the uninformed individual along the joint flights. Values represent the difference in distances to the goal; positive values indicate that the informed is closer to the goal site (typically a carcass) and negative values indicate measurements in which the uninformed is flying ahead. Lines indicate locally weighted smoothing of the data (blue) with confidence intervals and null expectation of zero difference (red). Overall the informed led the dyad most of the way, especially at the beginning (roost departure) and the end of the joint flight (arrival at the carcass). Even when flying ahead, uninformed individuals remained close to their informed partner (negative deviations are smaller than the positive ones). (Online version in colour.)