Table 3.
Retrospective studies regarding surgery vs observational management
| Ref. | Study period | Patients n | Group | Number of patients n (%) | Median follow-up time (mo) | Surgery morbidity rate (%) |
| Gaujoux et al[56] | 2000-2011 | 46 | Observational | 38 (83) | > 18 | 62 |
| Surgery | 8 (17) | 27 | ||||
| Lee et al[57] | 2000-2011 | 133 | Observational | 77 (57) | 44 (Mean) | 46 |
| Surgery | 56 (43) | 52 (Mean) | ||||
| Rosenberg et al[58] | 1999-2014 | 35 | Observational | 15 (42) | 28 | 35 |
| Surgery | 20 (58) | 34 | ||||
| Sharpe et al[60] | 1998-2006 | 380 | Observational | 71 (19) | 60 | N/A |
| Surgery | 309 (81) | 60 | ||||
| Sadot et al[59] | 1993-2013 | 181 | Observational | 1042 (57) | 44 | N/A |
| Surgery | 771 (43) | 57 |
1
Matched group;
2
Before cross over; N/A: Not available.