Survival from first being identified as refractory according to the definitions studied or entering complete remission (CR) after one course (C1) of induction chemotherapy a) CR post C1, RES, REF1, PR, REF 2; b) comparison of REF1 patients who achieve CR after course two of IC with REF 2 patients not identified in the REF1 cohort (REF2 not REF1), REF1 patients included in the REF 2 cohort (REF1 & REF2) and REF1 patients whose REF 2 status is unknown (REF1, REF2 U/K). RES: resistant disease with failure to achieve a complete remission after C1; REF1: those deemed to have had a minor or no response to IC with more than 15% blasts and a less than 50% proportional reduction in blast percentage after C1; PR: those deemed to have had a partial response after C1 with fewer than 15% blasts or a greater than 50% proportional reduction in blast percentage; REF2: failure to achieve a complete remission after two courses of IC; REF 1/2; all patients in groups REF1 and REF2.