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. 2015 Aug 11;26(5):2376–2388. doi: 10.1177/0962280215597716

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© The Author(s) 2015

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — Left: $π_{i 2}$ for single trial realisation under Scenario 6. Right: IPW, HT and RBHT estimates for p₁ for 100 trial realisations under Scenario 6. Trial simulations giving rise to HT estimates above 0.8 and below 0.2 are linked to their respective IPW and RBHT estimates by dotted lines, in order to highlight the additional benefit that inverse probability weighting and Rao–Blackwellization provides.