TABLE 4.

Association (odds ratio (OR) adjusted for age, area deprivation and borough) between 10% increase in area ethnic density and high-intensity smoking (males only)

Ethnic group	Current smokers n	High-intensity smokers# %	OR (95% CI)	p-value
White British/Irish	40 725	10.4	0.99 (0.96–1.04)	0.799
Other White	29 783	6.2	0.90 (0.79–1.01)	0.074
Indian	6481	2.1	0.84 (0.70–1.01)	0.060
Pakistani	5504	3.3	1.08 (0.83–1.40)	0.560
Bangladeshi	22 262	3.8	0.88 (0.82–0.95)	0.001
Black African	6173	2.4	0.94 (0.68–1.03)	0.706
Black Caribbean	7580	3.0	0.67 (0.41–1.10)	0.115

^#: high-intensity smoking >20 cigarettes per day.