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. 2017 Apr 18;18(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s10194-017-0753-y

Table 2.

Odds ratios of co-existing M, TTH and NP and health-related variables controlled for educational attainment

ORa (95% CI) p value ORb (95% CI) p value
Physical activityc
 High Ref Ref
 Moderate 2.5 (1.28 – 4.91) 0.007 2.7 (1.35 – 5.36) 0.005
 Low 4.7 (1.79 – 12.55) 0.002 4.4 (1.62 – 11.72) 0.004
Missing, n 16
Psychological well-being ≤ 50d
 No Ref Ref
 Yes 8.8 (4.19 – 18.36) <0.001 9.3 (9.35 – 19.86) <0.001
Missing, n 1
Stresse
 Low Ref Ref
 Moderate 1.8 (0.89 – 3.73) 0.103 1.6 (0.74 – 3.32) 0.238
 High 5.2 (2.48 – 10.96) <0.001 6.0 (2.78 – 12.98) <0.001
Missing 1
Poor self-rated healthf
 No Ref Ref
 Yes 39.2 (13.32 – 115.15) <0.001 37.7 (12.77 – 111.52) <0.001

The analyses were conducted by binary logistic regression and estimated as OR and 95% CI

CI confidence interval, M migraine, NP neck pain, OR odds ratio, Ref reference value, TTH tension-type headache

aOR = unadjusted

bOR = adjusted for educational attainment

cAssessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form) low, moderate and high physical activity was based on time and energy expenditure in the past 7 days

dAssessed using the World Health Organisation five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) sum score from 0 to 100; sores ≤ 50 indicate poor psychological well-being

eAssessed using stress scores with end-points 0 = no stress at all and 10 = very high degree of stress; scores 0–3 = low, scores 4–6 = moderate, scores 7–10 = high stress

fAssessed using self-rated health with end-points 1 = very poor to 5 = very good; scores 1–3 indicated poor self-rated health