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. 2017 Apr 19;11:18. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00018

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Copyright © 2017 Di Bonito and Studer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rhombomere 4-derived auditory subcircuits. (A) Schema of hindbrain, in which rhombomeres 2–5 are color-coded, and associated Hox genes expression. (B,C) R4-derived subcircuits involved in the transmission of auditory sounds (CN, VLL), protection from acoustic injury (MOC/MEM reflex and LOC), amplification of low-level sounds (MOC innervation to OHC). (C) R4-derived PVCN neurons and motor MOC and FBM neurons contribute to the efferent reflex of MOC and MEM reflex, respectively. Modified from Di Bonito et al. (2013a). Hoxb1 and Hoxb2 act primarily upon assembly of r4-derived structures, contributing to the main pathway of sound transmission, as well as in the establishment of sensorimotor reflex circuits important for cochlea protection and amplification processes.