Table 1.
Summary of antero-posterior and dorso-ventral origin of auditory nuclei.
| Auditory nuclei | AP origin | DV origin | Geneteic lineage | Neurotrasmitter markers | Genetic markers (cell type) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | ||||||
| AVCN | r2-r3 (r4 modestly) | pA1 | Atoh1/Wnt1/Wnt3a | VGluT1, VGluT2 | Lhx2, MafB Atoh7/Parvalbumin (spherical bushy cells) Atoh7/Calretinin (globular bushy cells) | Wang et al., 2005; Farago et al., 2006; Nichols and Bruce, 2006; Louvi et al., 2007; Yamada et al., 2007; Saul et al., 2008; Fujiyama et al., 2009; Maricich et al., 2009; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| pB1 | Ptf1a | Gad67, VIAAT | ||||
| PVCN | r4 (r3 modestly) | pA1 | Atoh1Wnt1/Wnt3a | VGluT1, VGluT2 | Lhx2, MafB Atoh7/Calretinin (globular bushy cells) Calbindin (octopus cells) | Wang et al., 2005; Farago et al., 2006; Nichols and Bruce, 2006; Louvi et al., 2007; Yamada et al., 2007; Fujiyama et al., 2009; Maricich et al., 2009; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| pB1 | Ptf1a | Gad67,VIAAT | ||||
| DCN | r3-r4-r5 | pA1 | Atoh1/Wnt1/Wnt3a | VGluT2, VGluT3 | Lhx2, Lhx9 Bhlhb5/Pax2/Parvalbumin/CaMKIIα (cartwheel cells) Bhlhb5/Pax6/Tbr2 (unipolar brush cells) Grin2a (giant cells) Grin2b (fusiform cells) Parvalbumin (ML-stellate cells) | Wang et al., 2005; Farago et al., 2006; Nichols and Bruce, 2006; Louvi et al., 2007; Yamada et al., 2007; Fujiyama et al., 2009; Maricich et al., 2009; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Di Bonito et al., 2013a; Cai et al., 2016 |
| pB1 | Ptf1a | GABA, glycine, Gad67, VIAAT | ||||
| mnsh | r2-r3 | pA1 | Atoh1/Wnt1 | VGluT1 | Barhl1, Pax6 | Wang et al., 2005; Farago et al., 2006; Nichols and Bruce, 2006; Fujiyama et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX | ||||||
| LSO | r4/r5 | pA1 | Atoh1/Wnt1/Wnt3a | VGluT2, Glutamate | MafB | Louvi et al., 2007; Maricich et al., 2009; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Marrs et al., 2013; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| p1 | En1 | Glycine, GlyT2 | FoxP1 | |||
| Unknown | Unknown | GABA | ||||
| MSO | r5 | pA1 Unknown | Atoh1/Wnt1/Wnt3a Unknown | VGluT2, Glutamate GABA | MafB | Louvi et al., 2007; Maricich et al., 2009; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Marrs et al., 2013 |
| LNTB | r5 | p1 Unknown | En1 Unknown | GABA Glycine, GlyT2 | FoxP1, Sox2, MafB sparse | Maricich et al., 2009; Marrs et al., 2013; Altieri et al., 2015 |
| VNTB | r5 | p1 | En1 | Glycine, GlyT2, ChAT | FoxP1, Sox2 | Maricich et al., 2009; Marrs et al., 2013; Altieri et al., 2015 |
| MNTB | r5 | p1 | En1 | Glycine, GlyT2 | FoxP1, Sox2, CaBP, calbindin | Maricich et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Marrs et al., 2013; Altieri et al., 2015 |
| SPO | r5 | Unknown Unknown | Unknown Unknown | GABA Glycine, GlyT2 | FoxP1, MafB sparse, Gata3 | Maricich et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Altieri et al., 2015 |
| LATERAL LEMNISCUS COMPLEX | ||||||
| VLL | r4 | p1 | En1 | Glycine, GlyT2, GAD67, VIAAT | FoxP1, Gata3 | Di Bonito et al., 2013a; Altieri et al., 2016 |
| ILL | unknown | pA1 | Atoh1/Wnt1/Wnt3a | VGluT2 | Lhx2, Lhx9, Barhl2, | Machold and Fishell, 2005; Wang et al., 2005; Louvi et al., 2007; Rose et al., 2009; Ito et al., 2011; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| DLL | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | VIAAT | Pax7 | Ito et al., 2011 |
| EFFERENT MOTOR NEURONS | ||||||
| LOC | r4 | pMNv | Nkx2.2/Hoxb1/Phox2b | ChAT | Phox2b, Gata2, Gata3, Tbx20, Islet1 | Simon and Lumsden, 1993; Studer et al., 1996; Bruce et al., 1997; Nardelli et al., 1999; Pata et al., 1999; Karis et al., 2001; Tiveron et al., 2003; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| MOC | r4 | pMNv | Nkx2.2/Hoxb1/Phox2b | ChAT | Phox2b, Gata2, Gata3, Tbx20, Islet1 | Simon and Lumsden, 1993; Studer et al., 1996; Bruce et al., 1997; Nardelli et al., 1999; Pata et al., 1999; Karis et al., 2001; Tiveron et al., 2003; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
| FBM | r4 | pMNv | Nkx2.2/Hoxb1/Phox2b | ChAT | Phox2b, Tbx20, Islet1 | Studer et al., 1998; Auclair et al., 1996; Di Bonito et al., 2013a |
The table summarizes the AP and DV origin of auditory nuclei, their genetic lineage, expression of neurotransmitter and genetic markers, and corresponding references. The genetic markers separated by comma refer to their expression in the entire structure, whereas the ones separated by a slash refer to their expression in specific cell types, listed in parenthesis.