Table 1.
Constituent | Test | Chloroform | Ethyl acetate | Methanol | Ethanol | Aqueous |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaloids | Iodine | – | – | – | – | – |
Wagner’s | – | – | + | – | ++ | |
Dragendroff’s | – | – | + | – | ++ | |
Flavonoids | Pew’s | – | – | + | + | + |
Shinoda | – | – | ++ | + | ++ | |
NaOH | – | – | – | + | – | |
Glycosides | Keller-Killani | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
Glycosides | – | + | – | – | – | |
Conc. H2SO4 | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Molisch | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Phenols | Ellagic acid | – | – | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Phenol | – | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Lignins | Labat | + | ++ | – | – | – |
Saponins | Foam test | – | – | – | + | + |
Sterols | Salkowski’s | + | – | + | ++ | – |
Tannins | Gelatine | – | – | ++ | + | ++ |
Lead acetate | – | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Anthraquinone | Bomtrager’s test | – | – | – | ++ | + |
Phlobatannins | – | – | + | + | ++ | |
Reducing sugar | – | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Volatile oil | – | – | – | – | – |
–, absent; +, moderately present; ++, high presence.