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A typical 1H NMR spectrum of urine from an 8 year old male child collected in the morning (A), night-time (B) and pooled (C; 50:50 morning and night-time) with identified metabolites. Abbreviations: 2-HB, 2-hydroxybutyrate; 3-HB, 3-hydroxybutyrate; 3-HIV, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3IS, 3-indoxylsulfate; 4-DEA, 4-deoxyerythronic acid; 4-DTA, 4-deoxythreonic acid; NAG, N-acetyl glycoprotein fragments; NAN, N-acetylneuraminic acid; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide.
