Table 1.
Distribution of tick species and their associated host animal species in the semi-arid and the arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan
| Districts | Host | Hyalomma spp. | Rhipicephalus spp. | Tick species (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. anatolicum bN/M/Fc | H. dromedarii N/M/F |
R. microplus
N/M/F |
R. turanicus
N/M/F |
|||
| Semi-arid | ||||||
| ATK | Buffalo | – | – | 0/5/16 | – |
H. anatolicum = 35.9 R. microplus = 64.1 |
| Cattle | 0/25/31 | – | 10/48/78 | – | ||
| Goat | – | – | 0/10/10 | – | ||
| Sheep | 6/24/24 | – | – | – | ||
| GJW | Buffalo | 0/0/3 | – | 1/33/105 | – | |
| Cattle | 0/7/11 | – | 7/50/94 | – | ||
| Goat | – | – | 0/8/12 | – | ||
| Sheep | – | – | – | – | ||
| KSR | Buffalo | 0/55/49 | – | 9/7/30 | – | |
| Cattle | 7/53/52 | – | 19/15/50 | – | ||
| Goat | 3/0/0 | – | 3/0/3 | – | ||
| Sheep | – | – | 3/0/0 | – | ||
| Arid | ||||||
| OKR | Buffalo | 20/140/84 | – | 7/1/16 | – |
H. anatolicum = 94.3 H. dromedarii = 1.5 R. microplus = 3.1 R. turanicus = 1.1 |
| Cattle | 23/115/65 | – | 8/1/25 | – | ||
| Goat | – | – | – | – | ||
| Sheep | – | – | – | – | ||
| KNW | Buffalo | 72/59/35 | – | 4/1/4 | – | |
| Cattle | 214/55/27 | – | 0/2/5 | – | ||
| Goat | 21/0/0 | – | – | – | ||
| MTNa | Buffalo | 65/66/96 | – | – | – | |
| Cattle | 168/110/104 | – | – | – | ||
| Goat | 26/4/2 | – | – | – | ||
| VHR | Buffalo | 83/52/47 | – | – | ||
| Cattle | 85/39/26 | – | 0/5/10 | – | ||
| Goat | 43/12/4 | – | – | – | ||
| Sheep | 0/0/2 | – | – | – | ||
| BWP | Buffalo | 57/65/41 | 0/4/1 | – | 0/4/3 | |
| Cattle | 24/25/22 | 13/16/6 | – | – | ||
| Goat | 35/15/9 | 0/1/0 | – | 6/0/2 | ||
| RYK | Buffalo | 71/86/59 | – | – | – | |
| Cattle | 84/31/30 | – | – | – | ||
| Goat | 20/12/9 | – | – | 14/0/1 | ||
| Sheep | – | – | – | – | ||
| Total | 3807 | 1127/1050/832 | 13/21/7 | 71/186/458 | 20/4/6 | |
| Mean % (95% CI) |
79.3 (78.0–80.6) |
1.1 (7.7–1.4) |
18.8 (17.5–20.0) |
0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
||
Abbreviations: AEZ, Agro-ecological zone, CI Confidence interval
aIn MTN (Multan district) the samples were collected at a different time (following year, June) and only H. anatolicum species was found
bLarvae (all belong to H. anatolicum) are not presented in the table (MTN = 5; VHR = 3; BWP = 3; RYK = 1)
cN/M/F: Nymphs/Males/Females