Table 2.
Temporospatial and normalised ground reaction results
| Variable |
Knee OA PWS |
Symmetry ratio % |
Control PWS |
Symmetry ratio % |
Knee OA TWS |
Symmetry ratio % |
Control TWS |
Symmetry ratio % | ||||
| Affected | Unaffected | Right | Left | Affected | Unaffected | Right | Left | |||||
| (n = 24) | (n = 24) | (n = 20) | (n = 20) | (n = 24) | (n = 24) | (n = 24) | (n = 20) | (n = 20) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Speed (m/s) | 1.091 (0.14) | NA | 1.34 (0.07) | NA | 1.372 (0.23) | NA | 2.00 (0.20) | NA | ||||
| Cadence (step/min) | 113 (7) | NA | 114 (10) | NA | 1231,2 (9) | NA | 137 (11) | NA | ||||
| Gait width (cm) | 14.6 (4.2)1 | NA | 11.2 (3.2) | NA | 14.21,2 (4.5) | NA | 11.2 (3.0) | NA | ||||
| Weight acceptance (BWN) | 1.071 (0.08) | 1.121 (0.10) | -4.01 (5.7) | 1.18 (0.08) | 1.18 (0.07) | 0.7 (2.0) | 1.182 (0.14) | 1.261,2 (0.16) | -5.9 (5.7)1,2 | 1.55 (0.12) | 1.52 (0.12) | 2.6 (3.3) |
| Push-off (BWN) | 1.001 (0.06) | 1.021 (0.06) | -2.6 (5.2) | 1.15 (0.09) | 1.16 (0.08) | -1.5 (1.6) | 0.951,2 (0.07) | 1.001,2 (0.07) | -4.2 (6.0)1,2 | 1.16 (0.12) | 1.17 (0.10) | -0.9 (3.5) |
| Total impulse (BWN/s) | 0.53 (0.05) | 0.57 (0.04) | -5.91 (5.6) | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.55 (0.05) | -0.2 (1.8) | 0.491,2 (0.04) | 0.531,2 (0.04) | -7.1 (6.2)1,2 | 0.46 (0.04) | 0.46 (0.04) | -0.1 (1.6) |
| Weight acceptance impulse (BWN/s) | 0.1041 (0.008) | 0.108 (0.010) | -3.41 (6.3) | 0.112 (0.007) | 0.112 (0.007) | 0.9 (3.1) | 0.1132 (0.014) | 0.1202 (0.015) | -5.1 (6.6)1,2 | 0.146 (0.010) | 0.142 (0.011) | 3.5 (4.2) |
| Push off impulse (BWN/s) | 0.0981 (0.008) | 0.0981 (0.011) | 0.6 (13.4) | 0.111 (0.009) | 0.114 (0.008) | -2.9 (2.6) | 0.0911,2 (0.008) | 0.0981,2(0.007) | -6.6 (8.0)1,2 | 0.110 (0.011) | 0.111 (0.009) | -2.9 (4.7) |
| Step length (cm) | 681 (10) | 671 (9) | 2.6 (6.5) | 79 (6) | 78 (5) | 1.7 (2.5) | 79 (12)2 | 78 (11)2 | 2.4 (6.2) | 99 (8) | 98 (8) | 1.0 (1.9) |
| Step time (s) | 0.53 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.04) | -1.2 (7.5) | 0.53 (0.05) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.3 (3.1) | 0.481,2 (0.03) | 0.502 (0.05) | -4.0 (6.6)1,2 | 0.44 (.04) | 0.44 (0.04) | -0.2 (3.5) |
| Contact time (s) | 0.72 (0.05) | 0.731 (0.05) | -2.41 (3.8) | 0.68 (0.06) | 0.69 (0.06) | -0.3 (1.7) | 0.651,2 (0.05) | 0.672 (0.07) | -3.4 (3.9)1,2 | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.56 (0.05) | -0.3 (1.5) |
| Single limb stance time (s) | 0.331 (0.04) | 0.36 (0.04) | -7.01 (9.3) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | -0.4 (3.5) | 0.321 (0.02) | 0.341 (0.03) | -7.5 (8.5)1,2 | 0.33 (0.04) | 0.33 (0.03) | -0.3 (3.1) |
The values are indicated as means ± standard deviation;
1
Significant difference between OA group vs control at PWS (P < 0.05);
2
Significant difference between OA group vs control at TWS (P < 0.05). PWS: Preferred walking speed; NA: Not available; TWS: Top walking speed; BWN: Body weight normalised; OA: Osteoarthritis.