Table 2.

Etiology of chronic kidney disease in children

CKD Etiology	Percentage (range)	ESRD Etiology	Percentage (range)
CAKUT*	48%–59%	CAKUT	34%–43%
GN†	5%–14%	GN	15%–29%
HN‡	10%–19%	HN	12%–22%
HUS¶	2%–6%	HUS	2%–6%
Cystic	5%–9%	Cystic	6%–12%
Ischemic	2%–4%	Ischemic	2%

Rare causes include congenital NS, metabolic diseases, cystinosis. Miscellaneous causes depend on how such entities are classified.

From Harambat, et al. CKD data are from NAPRTCS, the Italian Registry and the Belgian Registry. ESRD data are from ANZDATA, ESPN/ERA-EDTA, UK Renal Registry and the Japanese Registry.

^*CAKUT: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

^†GN: Glomerulonephritis,

^‡HN: Hereditary nephropathy,

^¶HUS: Hemolytic uremic syndrome