Table 1. Summary of studies related to the roles of autophagy in macrophage polarization using mouse models deficient in autophagic components.

Mice	Key findings	Refs.
Rptor knockout	Autophagy is enhanced, myeloid cell population is decreased	33
Rb1cc1 knockout in HSCs	Increase of HSC proliferation, ROS levels, and mitochondrial mass	34
Atg7 knockout in HSCs	Impaired production of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors	35, 36
Atg7 knockout	CSF1-induced differentiation of monocytes into macrophages is significantly hampered	37, 38
Atg5 knockout	M2-polarized macrophages are forced to produce a high level of M1-like cytokines	61, 62