Table 4.
Cardiovascular Disease Development in Relation to Healthy Lifestyle Class, Sociodemographic Factors, and Medical History
| Independent variables | Black (n=2,451) | White (n=2,351) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Moderately healthy | — | — | 1.08 (0.52, 2.26) | 1.44 (0.68, 3.05) |
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| Less healthy | 1.28 (0.83, 1.99) | 1.05 (0.66, 1.66) | ||
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| Somewhat unhealthy | — | — | 1.51 (0.68, 3.36) | 1.54 (0.68, 3.49) |
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| Unhealthy | 1.95** (1.28, 2.99) | 1.58* (1.01, 2.47) | — | — |
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| Most unhealthy | 0.95 (0.30, 3.05) | 0.73 (0.22, 2.37) | 2.91*** (1.67, 5.06) | 3.12*** (1.73, 5.62) |
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| Age | — | 1.12*** (1.06, 1.18) | — | 1.24*** (1.13, 1.36) |
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| Male | — | 1.46 (1.00, 2.12) | — | 4.30*** (2.39, 7.73) |
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| Years of schooling | — | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | — | 0.86** (0.77, 0.95) |
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| Marriage: past | 0.97 (0.54, 1.74) | 0.83 (0.35, 1.98) | ||
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| Marriage: current | 1.14 (0.72, 1.80) | 1.1 (0.64, 1.89) | ||
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| Work: part-time | 0.76 (0.44, 1.30) | 1.06 (0.37, 3.05) | ||
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| Work: full-time | 0.75 (0.49, 1.14) | 1.58 (0.68, 3.65) | ||
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| High blood pressure | 1.87** (1.19, 2.97) | 0.96 (0.42, 2.17) | ||
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| High cholesterol | 0.84 (0.20, 3.46) | 0.96 (0.23, 4.01) | ||
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| Heart problems | 0.88 (0.41, 1.90) | 1.14 (0.48, 2.71) | ||
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| Diabetes | 4.15** (1.51, 11.43) | 29.22*** (7.82, 109.22) | ||
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| Cancer | 0.51 (0.13, 2.11) | 0.78 (0.19, 3.23) | ||
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05, two-tailed tests). Values are adjusted relative risk ratio estimates (95% CIs) calculated against the reference category “Most healthy”.