Fig. 4. Interdigitated ITO area modified using 16-phosphohexadecanoic acid, followed by attaching to various ratios of 1-aminohexa(ethylene oxide) to 1-aminohexa(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether. Further coupling of a controlled amount of GRGDS cell adhesive ligands was achieved with the hydroxyl-terminated, but not to the methoxy-terminated, species.
