Table 3. Prevalence ratios^a (95% CI) of CKD and glomerular hyperfiltration by sleep duration and subjective sleep quality among men.

	Sleep duration (hours)					P for quadratic trend	Subjective sleep quality
	≤5	6	7	8	≥9		Good	Poor
Number	21,081	55,249	45,242	12,533	1,528		115,623	20,010
CKD
Cases (%)	113 (0.5)	187 (0.3)	210 (0.5)	94 (0.8)	40 (2.6)		535 (0.5)	109 (0.5)
Crude	1.16 (0.92–1.46)	0.73 (0.60–0.89)	Reference	1.62 (1.27–2.07)	5.88 (4.18–8.29)	<0.001	Reference	1.19 (0.97–1.46)
Multivariate-adjusted PRsa
Model 1	1.23 (0.97–1.56)	0.93 (0.76–1.14)	Reference	0.98 (0.76–1.27)	1.52 (0.76–1.13)	0.062	Reference	1.09 (0.87–1.36)
Model 2	1.22 (0.95–1.55)	0.93 (0.75–1.14)	Reference	0.97 (0.75–1.26)	1.56 (1.06–2.30)	0.059	Reference	1.06 (0.84–1.32)
Hyperfiltration
Cases (%)	1,054 (5.0)	2,571 (4.7)	2,184 (4.8)	624 (5.0)	101 (6.6)		5,449 (4.7)	1,085 (5.4)
Crude	1.04 (0.96–1.12)	0.96 (0.91–1.02)	Reference	1.04 (0.95–1.14)	1.43 (1.16–1.76)	<0.001	Reference	1.16 (1.09–1.24)
Multivariate-adjusted PRsa
Model 1	1.01 (0.93–1.09)	0.97 (0.91–1.02)	Reference	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	1.41 (1.14–1.74)	0.001	Reference	1.10 (1.03–1.18)
Model 2	1.00 (0.93–1.08)	0.97 (0.91–1.03)	Reference	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	1.39 (1.13–1.72)	0.002	Reference	1.09 (1.02–1.17)

^a Estimated from multinomial logistic regression models. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age, center, year of screening exam, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, marital status, education level, total caloric intake, and depression; model 2 includes all of the variables from model 1 plus adjustment for history of diabetes, history of hypertension, and history of cardiovascular disease.

CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; PR, prevalence ratio. CKD is defined as GFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m².